1.Alterations include: +À.dystrophy +Á.necrosis Â.tumor growth Ã.regeneration Ä.atrophy 2.Damage manifested by intracellular and extracellular accumulations of abnormal amounts of substances can be called: +À.dystrophy Á.necrosis Â.atrophy Ã.apoptosis Ä.hypertrophy 3.The types of damage include: +À.dystrophy +Á.necrosis Â.metaplasia Ã.apoptosis Ä.sclerosis 4.A pronounced hydropic dystrophy is called: +À.balloon Á.mucosal Â.hyaline Ã.horny Ä.fat 5.The mechanisms of development of dystrophy include: +À.infiltration +Á.phanerosis +Â.transformation. Ã.proliferation Ä.aggregation 6.Hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes is observed during: +À.viral hepatitis B Á.liver steatosis Â.diabetes Ã.obesity Ä.echinococcus of the liver 7.Hydropic degeneration of the renal tubule epithelium is observed during: +À.nephrotic syndrome Á.obesity Â.hypertension Ã.atherosclerosis Ä.viral hepatitis B 8.Alcoholic hyaline is a protein product of: +À.synthesis Á.decay Â.mucus formation Ã.phagocytosis Ä.autolysis 9.Depending on the disturbed metabolism, dystrophies are classified into: +À.carbohydrate +Á.protein +Â.fatty +Ã.mineral Ä.parenchymal 10.The accumulation of masses of protein in the cytoplasm of the epithelium of the tubules of the kidney can be during: +À.hyaline droplet dystrophy Á.hydropic dystrophy Â.mucosal dystrophy Ã.atrophy Ä.steatosis 11.Give a classification of dystrophies according to the prevalence of the process: +À.general +Á.local Â.mixed Ã.fat Ä.protein 12.Protein parenchymal dystrophies include: +À.hydropic +Á.horny +Â.hyaline droplet Ã.fat Ä.metabolic 13.Parenchymal dysproteinoses include: +À.balloon dystrophy +Á.horny dystrophy +Â.hyaline droplet dystrophy Ã.amyloid dystrophy Ä.hyalinosis 14.Among the listed protein dystrophies, indicate only parenchymal: +À.hydropic dystrophy +Á.leukoplakia Â.mucoid swelling Ã.amyloidosis Ä.fibrinoid swelling 15.At the end of hyaline droplet dystrophy, the following can occur in a cell: +À.focal coagulation necrosis +Á.total coagulation necrosis Â.focal collication necrosis Ã.total collication necrosis Ä.balloon dystrophy 16.Parenchymal fatty degeneration of the myocardium is characterized by: +À.lipids in the cytoplasm in muscle cell groups Á.the appearance of a layer of connective tissue Â.an increase in the size of myocytes Ã.reduction in the size of myocytes Ä.lipids in the cytoplasm totally in all muscle cells 17.The consequence of hyaline droplet degeneration of the renal tubules can be: +À.proteinuria +Á.cylindruria Â.glucosuria Ã.hyperglycemia Ä.hyperproteinemia 18.Parenchymal fatty degeneration of the myocardium is detected by the following stain: +À.Sudan 3 Á.hematoxylin and eosin Â.according to Van Gieson Ã.toluidine blue Ä.picric acid 19.The manifestations of hydropic dystrophy include: +À.hydropsy dystrophy +Á.balloon dystrophy Â.hyaline droplet dystrophy Ã.amyloid dystrophy Ä.hyperkeratosis 20.At the end of hydropic dystrophy, the following can occur in a cell: +À.collicative necrosis Á.hyperkeratosis Â.ichthyosis Ã.coagulation necrosis Ä.leukoplakia 21.Horny dystrophy refers to: +À.protein dystrophy Á.carbohydrate dystrophy Â.fatty degeneration Ã.mineral dystrophy Ä.types of cancer 22.Liver steatosis develops with: +À.alcoholism Á.viral hepatitis B Â.hypertension Ã.goiter Ä.viral hepatitis A 23.Examples of horny dystrophy are: +À.ichthyosis +Á.hyperkeratosis +Â.leukoplakia Ã.hypertrichosis Ä.hypokeratosis 24.The manifestations of parenchymal lipidosis include: +À.tiger heart +Á.goose liver Â.sago spleen Ã.lardaceous spleen Ä.nutmeg liver 25.The liver is called "goose" because of: +À.steatosis Á.chronic venous plethora Â.protein dystrophy Ã.amyloidosis Ä.hyalinosis capsules 26.Indicate where lipids are detected in the "tiger heart": +À.in the myocardium Á.in the epicardium Â.in the valves of the heart Ã.in the subepicardial fat layer Ä.transmurally 27.The most typical outcome of liver steatosis is: +À.restoration of the structure Á.transition to massive liver necrosis Â.transition to protein dystrophy Ã.transition to cirrhosis 28.Fatty degeneration of the myocardium may be: +À.congenital or acquired +Á.dusty +Â.small-drop Ã.large-dropl Ä.focal or total 29.The accumulation of lipids in the wall of large arteries is typical for: +À.atherosclerosis Á.inflammation Â.cachexia Ã.aneurysms Ä.obesity 30.Where in the kidneys are lipids detected during parenchymal fatty degeneration: +À.in the tubules Á.in the glomeruli Â.in the stroma Ã.in vessels Ä.in the pelvis 31.The heart is called "tiger", as there is: +À.lipid accumulation in myocyte groups Á.proliferation of adipose tissue in the myocardium Â.the accumulation of protein masses in myocyte groups Ã.foci of necrosis in the myocardium Ä.uneven plethora of the myocardium 32.What are the possible mechanisms for the development of fatty liver disease: +À.infiltration +Á.decomposition +Â.transformation +Ã.perverse synthesis Ä.embolism 33.The manifestations of carbohydrate dystrophies include: +À.cystic fibrosis +Á.colloid dystrophy +Â.diabetes ã.mucoid swelling Ä.diabetes insipidus 34.With cystic fibrosis, it is mainly impaired: +À.carbohydrate metabolism Á.protein metabolism Â.fat metabolism Ã.mineral metabolism Ä.exchange of vitamins 35.Horny dystrophy occurs with: +À.leukoplakia Á.vitiligo Â.skin melanoma Ã.common melanosis Ä.all of the above 36.Indicate where parenchymal dysproteinoses are usually located: +À.hepatocytes +Á.cardiomyocytes Â.mesothelium Ã.lymphocytes Ä.endothelium 37.Indicate where the acquired parenchymal lipidoses are usually located: +À.the liver +Á.heart +Â.kidneys Ã.the brain Ä.lungs 38.At the end of what processes can hyalinosis develop? +À.plasma impregnation +Á.fibrinoid swelling +Â.inflammation +Ã.necrosis +Ä.sclerosis 39.Which of the following processes can be reversible? +À.mucoid swelling Á.apoptosis Â.hyalinosis Ã.fibrinoid changes Ä.amyloidosis 40.Heart valve hyalinosis is typical for: +À.rheumatism Á.congenital heart disease Â.diabetes Ã.alcoholism Ä.hypertension 41.With mucoid swelling in the main substance of connective tissue: +À.glycosamine glycans accumulate +Á.hyaluronic acid accumulates +Â.the processes of hydration, swelling Ã.hydrochloric acid accumulates Ä.the phenomenon of metachromasia disappears 42.Systemic hyalinosis of arterioles is typical for: +À.hypertension Á.atherosclerosis Â.tuberculosis Ã.alcoholism Ä.syphilis 43.The following are subject to hyaline changes: +À.connective tissue Á.petrificates Â.bone tissue Ã.the mass of amyloid Ä.cartilageous tissue 44.Amyloid - a protein that is deposited: +À.in cells Á.in the focus of necrosis Â.in the cell nucleus Ã.in the center of calcification 45.The phenomenon of metachromasia occurs: +À.in the foci of mucoid swelling +Á.with the accumulation in the foci of mucoid swelling of chromotropic substances Â.in the foci of fibrinoid swelling Ã.with the accumulation of fatty substances in tissues Ä.in the foci of hyalinosis 46.In a histological preparation, amyloid is detected by the following stain: +À.Congo Red Á.hematoxylin and eosin Â.Van Gieson Ã.toluidine blue Ä.Sudan 3 47.To stromal-vascular dysproteinosis include: +À.amyloidosis +Á.hyalinosis +Â.fibrinoid swelling Ã.sclerosis Ä.metaplasia 48.Amyloid may complicate the course of: +À.bronchiectasis Á.acute pneumonia Â.hypertension Ã.acute dysentery Ä.atherosclerosis 49.For macroscopic diagnosis of amyloidosis,the following methods are used: +À.Virchow reaction +Á.Lugolevsky solution +Â.10% sulfuric acid Ã.10% hydrochloric acid Ä.10% osmic acid 50.Mesenchymal protein dystrophies include: +À.mucoid swelling +Á.fibrinoid swelling +Â.amyloidosis Ã.plasma impregnation Ä.hemosiderosis 51.During amyloidosis, the kidney has the form of: +À.big lardaceous Á.big motley Â.finely tuberous Ã.large-lobed Ä.primary shriveled 52.Describe the fibrinoid swelling: +À.a deep and irreversible disorganization +Á.characterized by the destruction of the basic substance and fibers +Â.characterized by a sharp increase in vascular tissue permeability Ã.a superficial and reversible disorganization Ä.characterized by the phenomenon of metachromasia 53.Secondary amyloidosis can complicate the course of: +À.tuberculosis Á.atherosclerosis Â.diabetes Ã.hepatitis Ä.hypertension 54.What are the varieties of amyloidosis of the spleen: +À.sago spleen +Á.lardaceous spleen Â.porphyry spleen Ã.wrinkled spleen Ä.glazed spleen 55.Amyloidosis, developing associated with a previous disease, is called: +À.secondary Á.primary Â.hereditary Ã.family Ä.senile 56.The most common cause of death from secondary amyloidosis is: +À.chronic renal failure Á.chronic heart failure Â.acute heart failure Ã.acute renal failure Ä.acute adrenal insufficiency 57.Typical for the appearance of organs during amyloidosis is: +À.very dense consistency Á.very loose texture Â.hilly surface Ã.sunken scars Ä.a colorful view in section 58.Guided by the cause of development, the following types of amyloidosis are distinguished: +À.primary +Á.hereditary +Â.secondary Ã.generalized Ä.local 59.In the kidney, amyloid is deposited in: +À.renal glomerulus Á.fibrous capsule Â.epithelium of convoluted tubules Ã.in all of the above Ä.epithelium of the direct tubules 60.The outcome of mucoid swelling may be: +À.complete tissue repair +Á.transition to fibrinoid swelling Â.transition to hyaline droplet dystrophy Ã.transition to horny dystrophy Ä.transition to hydropic dystrophy 61.What are the morphogenetic mechanisms of the development of stromal-vascular dystrophies: +À.infiltration +Á.perverse synthesis +Â.decomposition Ã.coliquadia Ä.reabsorption 62.What are the types of vascular hyaline: +À.simple hyaline +Á.lipogialin +Â.complex hyaline Ã.fibrillar hyaline Ä.achrogialin 63.During general obesity, the following things can be observed in the heart: +À.the appearance of layers of adipose tissue in the myocardium Á.the appearance of lipids in the cytoplasm of myocytes Â.the appearance of layers of fibrous tissue in the myocardium Ã.lime deposition Ä.foci of myocyte necrosis 64.Which vessels are mainly affected by vascular hyalinosis? +À.small arteries +Á.arterioles Â.aorta Ã.large-caliber arteries Ä.veins of large caliber 65.During hyalinosis, connective tissue becomes: +À.dense +Á.whitish +Â.translucent Ã.flabby Ä.black 66.Stromal-vascular dysproteinosis include: +À.mucoid swelling +Á.hyalinosis +Â.amyloidosis Ã.glycogenosis Ä.lipidosis 67.Stromal vascular fatty degeneration is characterized by metabolic disorders of: +À.neutral fats +Á.labile fat +Â.cholesterol and its esters Ã.endoplasmic fat Ä.structural fat 68.Where can mucoid swelling occur? +À.in the walls of arteries +Á.in the valves of the heart +Â.in the endocardium Ã.in hepatocytes Ä.in cardiomyocytes 69.Acquired amyloidosis develops with diseases such as: +À.chronic infections +Á.rheumatic diseases +Â.chronic osteomyelitis Ã.ARVI Ä.appendicitis 70.Pigments are substances: +À.having coloring Á.capable of perceiving staining Â.protein nature Ã.soluble in lipids 71.Endogenous pigments are classified into: +À.hemoglobinogenic +Á.proteinogenic +Â.lipidogenic +Ã.tyrosinogenic Ä.carcinogenic 72.Local increased formation of proteinogenic pigments is characteristic of: +À.melanomas +Á.nevus Â.leukoderma Ã.pigment xeroderma Ä.albinism 73.Pigments include: +À.bilirubin in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes Á.lipids in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes Â.proteins in the cytoplasm of nephrocytes Ã.calcium salts in the connective tissue Ä.all of the above 74.As follows from the definition, calculi are: +À.dense formations, freely lying in the ducts or abdominal organs Á.dense formations intimately associated with tissues Â.loose formations lying freely in the tissues Ã.the presence of calcium salts in the body Ä.interstitial calcification 75.The following cannot be attributed to endogenous pigments: +À.sulphurous iron Á.melanin Â.bilirubin Ã.lipofuscin Ä.hemosiderin 76.Specify proteinogenic pigments: +À.melanin +Á.adrenochrome +Â.pigment granules enterochromaffin cells Ã.hemomelanin Ä.adrenaline 77.Brown atrophy of the liver is accompanied by metabolic disorders of: +À.lipofuscin Á.porphyrin Â.melanin Ã.serotanin Ä.hemin 78.Stones may form in: +À.intestines +Á.bronchial tubes +Â.bile ducts Ã.islets of Langerhans Ä.islets of Langerhans 79.Pigments derived from hemoglobin include: +À.hemosiderin Á.melanin Â.lipochrome Ã.lipofuscin Ä.adrenochrome 80.Obstructive jaundice is characteristic of: +À.gallstone disease +Á.atresia of the bile duct +Â.bile duct hypoplasia Ã.acute hepatitis Ä.hemolytic disease 81.With brown induction of the lungs, pigment accumulates: +À.hemosiderin Á.hematin hydrochloride Â.lipofuscin Ã.bilirubin Ä.coal dust 82.Typical for brown lung induction is: +À.dense consistency Á.lungs of dark cherry color Â.the lumen of the alveoli is expanded Ã.an example of general hemosiderosis Ä.the lumen of the bronchi is expanded 83.Typical for brown lung induction is: +À.nesting accumulation of hemosiderin Á.thinning of the interalveolar septa Â.expansion of the lumen of the alveoli Ã.develops with acute venous plethora Ä.an example of general hemosiderosis 84.Indicate the pigments resulting from the physiological breakdown of red blood cells and hemoglobin: +À.ferritin +Á.hemosiderin +Â.bilirubin Ã.hematins Ä.melanin 85.This can be correctly referred to bilirubin: +À.bile pigment Á.a derivative of melanin Â.in the blood normal is not detected Ã.lipidogenic pigment Ä.contains iron 86.In the area of hemorrhage, a pigment appears over time: +À.hemosiderin Á.adrenochrome Â.melanin Ã.lipochrome Ä.lipofuscin 87.Perls reaction reveals: +À.hemosiderin Á.melanin Â.bilirubin Ã.lipofuscin Ä.porphyrin 88.Parenchymal jaundice may be caused by: +À.damage to hepatocytes +Á.acute hepatitis Â.acute inflammation of the common bile duct Ã.hemolysis of red blood cells Ä.a tumor in the head of the pancreas 89.With ulcers and erosion of the stomach is formed: +À.hydrochlorichematin Á.hemomelanin Â.iron chloride Ã.porphyrin Ä.iron sulfide 90.In the pathogenesis of stone formation the important things are: +À.stasis of secretion in the ducts +Á.duct inflammation +Â.impaired fat metabolism +Ã.the formation of an organic matrix Ä.the formation of an abnormal protein-polysaccharide complex 91.Classification of jaundice by the mechanism of development: +À.hemolytic +Á.mechanical +Â.parenchymal Ã.hypostatic Ä.biliary 92.With cachexia the following substance accumulates in the liver: +À.lipofuscin Á.hemosiderin Â.bilirubin Ã.ferritin Ä.melanin 93.Tyrosinogenic pigments include: +À.melanin +Á.adrenochrome Â.bilirubin Ã.hemomelanin Ä.hemin 94.Specify hemoglobinogenic iron-containing pigments: +À.bilirubin +Á.porphyrin Â.hemosiderin Ã.hematin hydrochloride Ä.lipofuscin 95.What can be considered as true for melanin: +À.is synthesized by melanocytes Á.exogenous pigment Â.yellow Ã.hemoglobin derivative Ä.contains iron 96.Indicate the pigments that accumulate in the lungs during extravascular hemolysis: +À.hemosiderin +Á.ferritin Â.lipofuscin Ã.adrenochrome Ä.hemin 97.Padagra is a violation of the metabolism of: +À.nucleoproteins Á.lipids Â.pigments Ã.calcium Ä.amino acids 98.Diseases characterized by metabolic disorders of tyrosinogenic pigments include: +À.carcinoid +Á.nevus +Â.albinism Ã.hemosiderosis Ä.jaundice 99.During podagra, the following things can be observed: +À.hyperuricuria +Á.hyperuricemia Â.hyperkalemia Ã.hyperglycemia Ä.glucosuria 100.Uric acid infarction is a metabolic disorder of: +À.nucleoproteins Á.calcium Â.potassium Ã.lipidogenic pigments Ä.hemoglobinogenic pigments 101.Dystrophic calcification includes: +À.petrification of necrosis Á.calcium salts in the unchanged gastric mucosa Â.calcareous metastases in the kidneys Ã.calcium salts in unchanged lungs Ä.calcium salts in the myocardium with hypercalcemia 102.Depending on the chemical composition, gallstones can be: +À.cholesterol +Á.lime +Â.pigmented Ã.urate Ä.faceted 103.The causes of suprahepatic jaundice can be: +À.hemolytic poisons +Á.isoimmune and autoimmune conflicts Â.acute hepatitis Ã.chronic hepatitis Ä.Vater papilla tumors 104.The general or local disappearance of skin pigmentation includes: +À.albinism +Á.leukoderma +Â.vitiligo Ã.pigment xeroderma Ä.nevi 105.The forms of calcification include: +À.dystrophic +Á.metastatic +Â.metabolic Ã.dishormonal Ä.anabolic 106.An impaired calcium metabolism is called: +À.calcification +Á.calcification +Â.calcareous dystrophy Ã.dyslipidosis Ä.dysproteinosis 107.Suprahepatic jaundice is characterized by: +À.increased hemolysis of red blood cells +Á.increased bilirubin formation Â.insufficient bilirubin formation Ã.violation of the excretion of bilirubin Ä.lack of conjugation of bilirubin 108.An example of dystrophic calcification is the deposition of calcium salts in: +À.heart valves with rheumatism Á.the gastric mucosa with hypercalcemia Â.myocardium with hypercalcemia Ã.unchanged kidneys Ä.unchanged lungs 109.Intense ocher-yellow color of fatty tissue indicates: +À.losing weight +Á.disturbed lipidogenic pigment metabolism Â.obesity Ã.violation of the exchange of hemoglobinogenic pigments Ä.violation of the tyrosinogenic pigment metabolism 110.The formation of stones contribute to: +À.disturbances in water-mineral metabolism +Á.obesity and atherosclerosis +Â.inflammatory diseases of some hollow organs Ã.the appearance of Mallory bodies Ä.apoptosis 111.Calcium salts with metastatic calcification are deposited in: +À.in the kidneys, lungs with hypercalcemia Á.connective tissue scars Â.fibrotic adhesions Ã.thrombus Ä.sclerotic heart valves 112.Violation of the exchange of melanin occurs during: +À.vitiligo +Á.pigment xeroderma Â.leukoplakia Ã.obstructive jaundice Ä.petrification 113.Note lipopigments: +À.lipochromes +Á.lipofuscin Â.ferritin Ã.melanin Ä.hemomelanin 114.Petrification in the outcome of caseous necrosis is observed during: +À.tuberculosis Á.rheumatism Â.hypertension Ã.dysentery Ä.atherosclerosis 115.Melting of dead tissue occurs during: +À.myomalacia +Á.encephalomalacia Â.mummification Ã.coagulation Ä.ossification 116.The cause of a heart attack can be: +À.angiospasm +Á.thrombosis +Â.embolism Ã.ossification Ä.petrification 117.Signs of death and cadaveric changes include: +À.rigor mortis +Á.corneal opacity +Â.hypostases +Ã.autolysis Ä.hyperthermia 118.Dry necrosis has this color: +À.white-yellow Á.cyanotic Â.black Ã.dark brown Ä.dark cherry 119.The color typical for gangrene is: +À.black Á.yellow Â.dark cherry Ã.white-gray Ä.cyanotic 120.Highlight the clinical and morphological forms of necrosis: +À.heart attack +Á.sequestration +Â.gangrene Ã.paranecrosis Ä.cyst 121.Indicate the types of death depending on the development of reversible or irreversible changes in the life of the body: +À.biological +Á.clinical Â.physiological Ã.pathological Ä.sudden 122.The most common localization of collication necrosis is: +À.the brain Á.spleen Â.kidney Ã.myocardium Ä.liver 123.From the listed types of necrosis, highlight gangrene: +À.noma +Á.bedsore +Â.canker sore Ã.myocardial infarction Ä.encephalomalacia 124.Wet gangrene is typical for: +À.intestines Á.the brain Â.kidney Ã.myocardium Ä.liver 125.Highlight the processes characteristic of cell necrosis: +À.karyopicnosis +Á.cytolysis +Â.plasmolysis Ã.hemochromatosis Ä.hyalinosis 126.Indirect necrosis is often caused by: +À.the cessation of blood flow Á.infection Â.traumatic factors Ã.toxins Ä.chemical factors 127.What are the etiological forms of necrosis: +À.allergic +Á.vascular +Â.trophoneurotic +Ã.toxic Ä.focal 128.Select wet necrosis from the following: +À.ischemic cerebral infarction Á.curdled necrosis Â.fibrinoid necrosis Ã.ischemic spleen infarction Ä.waxy necrosis 129.Depending on the cause that led to death, the following varieties are distinguished: +À.natural +Á.violent +Â.physiological Ã.clinical Ä.biological 130.The microscopic signs of necrosis include: +À.plasmorexis +Á.plasmolysis Â.meiosis Ã.mitosis Ä.plasmokinesis 131.Bedsore is a type of: +À.gangrene Á.heart attack Â.wet necrosis Ã.ulceration Ä.dry necrosis 132.The following things can be observed during necrosis: +À.plasmolysis Á.vacuolization of the cytoplasm Â.the disappearance of glycogen Ã.vacuolization of the nucleus Ä.all of the above 133.Adverse outcomes of necrosis include: +À.purulent fusion +Á.sepsis Â.organization Ã.petrification Ä.demarcation inflammation 134.Highlight the wrong statement in the characterization of a bedsore: +À.petrification is typical in the outcome Á.a variety of gangrene Â.develops in tissues subjected to pressure Ã.on the pathogenesis of trophoneurotic Ä.develops in severe bedridden patients 135.Describe the biological death: +À.changes in vital activity are irreversible +Á.the central nervous system is the first to die Â.changes in life are reversible Ã.tissues become unsuitable for transplantation Ä.apoptosis occurs 136.This forms around the foci of necrosis in around 2-3 days: +À.demarcation inflammation Á.deposition of calcium salts Â.fibrous capsule Ã.bone tissue Ä.coarse fibrous connective tissue 137.An adverse outcome of necrosis is: +À.urulent fusion Á.encapsulation Â.organization Ã.ossification Ä.petrification 138.What are the etiological forms of necrosis: +À.traumatic +Á.allergic Â.parenchymal Ã.curd Ä.tsenkerovsky. 139.A site of dead tissue that is not subject to autolysis or other outcome is: +À.sequestration Á.petrificate Â.bedsore Ã.scar Ä.heart attack 140.Specify the types of gangrene: +À.dry +Á.wet Â.aerobic Ã.anabolic Ä.curd 141.A complication of necrosis is: +À.rupture of the wall of a hollow organ Á.resorption Â.organization Ã.petrification Ä.encapsulation 142.Indirect necrosis often occurs due to: +À.angiospasm +Á.vessel embolism +Â.disorders of nervous trophism Ã.the effects of toxins Ä.mechanical injury 143.The microscopic signs of necrosis include: +À.karyorexis +Á.karyolysis +Â.karyopicnosis Ã.karyokinesis Ä.karyomitosis 144.The color of necrotic tissues in gangrene is due to: +À.sulphurous iron Á.melanin Â.hematin hydrochloride Ã.hemosideoin Ä.bilirubin 145.Indicate the etiological forms of necrosis: +À.vascular +Á.toxic +Â.trophoneurotic Ã.mesenchymal Ä.fibrinoid 146.Gangrene can develop in: +À.soft tissues of the lower limb Á.kidney Â.myocardium Ã.the brain Ä.all of the above 147.Relatively favorable outcomes of necrosis include: +À.organization +Á.petrification +Â.encapsulation Ã.malignancy Ä.purulent fusion 148.Direct necrosis occurs under the influence of: +À.physical factors +Á.chemical factors Â.vascular factor Ã.disorders of nervous trophism Ä.vascular thrombosis 149.An inflammatory reaction accompanies: +À.necrosis Á.vacuolization of the cytoplasm Â.apoptosis Ã.plethora Ä.proliferation 150.Apoptosis is called: +À.a controlled process of self-destruction of cells Á.cell death in a living organism Â.tissue death after the cessation of the body Ã.death of parenchymal cells 151.The following changes occur in the cell nucleus during necrosis: +À.chromatin condensation +Á.depolymerization of nucleic acids +Â.karyopicne Ã.glycogen synthesis Ä.karyokinesis 152.The cause of toxic necrosis can be: +À.tuberculosis +Á.syphilis Â.radiation Ã.frostbite Ä.burns 153.Apoptosis usually captures: +À.single cells Á.part of the body Â.sections of the organ parenchyma Ã.the whole organ 154.Clinical death is characterized by: +À.respiratory arrest +Á.circulatory arrest +Â.hypoxia Ã.the appearance of cadaveric spots Ä.rigor mortis 155.Apoptotic bodies are exposed: +À.phagocytosis Á.autolysis Â.encapsulation Ã.insult Ä.organizations 156.Cells phagocytic apoptotic bodies are called: +À.macrophages Á.plasma cells Â.lymphocytes Ã.fibroblasts Ä.monocytes 157.Signs of death and post-mortem changes following biological death include: +À.rigor mortis +Á.cadaveric drying +Â.cadaveric spots Ã.paranecrosis Ä.agony 158.What happens in the outcome of apoptosis? +À.phagocytosis Á.regeneration Â.organization Ã.petrification Ä.encapsulation 159.A bedsore is characterized by the following features: +À.trophoneurotic necrosis +Á.a type of gangrene Â.allergic necrosis Ã.a type of heart attack Ä.a type of sequestration 160.Genetic programmed cell death is called: +À.apoptosis Á.necrosis Â.mummification Ã.autolysis Ä.sequestration 161.The microscopic signs of necrosis include: +À.plasmorexis +Á.karyolysis +Â.cytolysis Ã.plasmorrhagia Ä.karyokinesis 162.A shallow defection as a result of rejection of mucosal necrosis is called: +À.erosion Á.ulcer Â.sequestration Ã.apoptosis Ä.atrophy 163.What are the clinical and morphological forms of necrosis: +À.dry necrosis +Á.wet necrosis Â.allergic necrosis Ã.toxic necrosis Ä.traumatic necrosis 164.A deep defection in the wall of the stomach as a result of rejection of necrosis is called: +À.ulcer Á.sequestration Â.erosion Ã.apoptosis Ä.atrophy 165.These factors play a big role in the development of a heart attack: +À.arterial thrombosis +Á.functional overstrain of the organ +Â.insufficient collateral circulation Ã.sensitization Ä.organ hypofunction 166.Necrosis of black color in connection with the accumulation of sulphurous iron is: +À.gangrene Á.heart attack Â.an ulcer Ã.erosion Ä.sequestration 167.Fibrinoid necrosis often develops in: +À.the wall of blood vessels Á.nerve cells Â.liver Ã.lungs Ä.the mucous membrane of the oral cavity 168.Caseous necrosis is typical of: +À.tuberculosis Á.heumatism Â.dysentery Ã.diphtheria Ä.hypertension 169.During necrosis, these substances occur in the cell: +À.karyolysis +Á.coagulation of the cytoplasm +Â.cytoplasmic collocation Ã.fibrinoid swelling Ä.hyalinosis 170.The organization of necrosis is: +À.ingrowth of connective tissue in the foci Á.capsule formation Â.cyst formation Ã.lime deposition Ä.bone formation 171.What are the clinical and morphological forms of necrosis: +À.gangrene +Á.sequestration +Â.heart attack Ã.hypostases Ä.autolysis 172.Direct necrosis includes: +À.toxic +Á.traumatic Â.vascular Ã.trophoneurotic Ä.allergic 173.Petrification is: +À.lime deposition Á.bone formation Â.capsule formation Ã.proliferation of connective tissue Ä.purulent fusion 174.Signs of death and post-mortem changes include: +À.mummification +Ácadaveric decomposition +Â.cooling the corpse Ã.hydration Ä.ossification 175.Choose an unfavorable outcome of necrosis: +À.purulent fusion Á.organization Â.ossification Ã.cyst formation Ä.petrification 176.Compression anemia develops during: +À.compression of the artery by a tumor Á.compression of a vein by a tumor Â.arterial thrombosis Ã.vein thrombosis Ä.removal of ascitic fluid 177.During myocardial infarction, the left ventricle of the heart develops: +À.acute venous congestion of the pulmonary circulation Á.acute venous congestion of a large circle of blood circulation Â.chronic venous congestion of the pulmonary circulation Ã.chronic venous congestion of the pulmonary circulation 178.During chronic venous congestion, this develops in the spleen: +À.cyanotic induction Á.brown induction Â.muscat spleen Ã.sebaceous spleen Ä.saga spleen 179.Acute venous congestion of the pulmonary circulation develops during: +À.myocardial infarction Á.decompensation of a hypertrophied heart Â.heart disease Ã.cardiosclerosis Ä.all of the above 180.What type of hyperemia can develop in connection with a decrease in barometric pressure: +À.vacancy Á.collateral Â.postanemic Ã.neuroparalytic Ä.working 181.Liver during chronic venous congestion: +À.increased +Á.fabric of gray-yellow color with dark red specks Â.reduced Ã.brown fabric Ä.cyanotic fabric with white speck 182.During the left ventricle infarction, this develops in the lungs: +À.edema Á.brown induction Â.hemosiderosis Ã.pneumosclerosis Ä.inflammation 183.During decompensated mitral stenosis in the lungs, the following develops: +À.sclerosis Á.tumor Â.inflammation Ã.necrosis Ä.atrophy 184.What can be observed in case of a nutmeg liver: +À.variegated sectional view Á.reduction in organ size Â.hilly surface Ã.all of the above Ä.flabby consistency 185.The following main forms of deficiency of the lymphatic system are distinguished: +À.mechanical +Á.dynamic +Â.resorption Ã.inflammatory Ä.collateral 186.What hyperemia can occur after surgical removal of a large tumor from the abdominal cavity? +À.postanemic Á.collateral Â.vacancy Ã.angioneurotic Ä.inflammatory 187.Microscopically the following is characteristic for a nutmeg liver: +À.selective plethora in the center of lobules +Á.hemorrhages in the center of the lobules +Â.death of hepatocytes in the center of the lobules Ã.selective plethora on the periphery of the lobule Ä.hepatocyte hypertrophy in the center of the lobules 188.In case of nutmeg liver: +À.plethora of the center of the lobule Á.ischemia of the center of the lobule Â.hemosiderosis Ã.hepatocyte hypertrophy of the center lobules Ä.all of the above 189.With the nutmeg liver, the following can beobserved in the center of the lobule: +À.all of the above Á.hemorrhage Â.plethora Ã.hepatocyte atrophy Ä.the beginning of the growth of connective tissue 190.Examples of internal bleeding include: +À.hemothorax +Á.hemopericardium +Â.hemoperitoniu Ã.melena Ä.hematuria 191.A hemorrhage is: +À.accumulation of blood in tissues Á.accumulation of blood in serous cavities Â.the outflow of blood from a vessel Ã.the flow of blood into the environment Ä.rupture of the vessel wall 192.Which type of hyperemia can develop after rapid removal of ascitic fluid: +À.postanemic Á.collateral Â.inflammatory Ã.vacancy Ä.on the basis of arteriovenous shunt 193.The accumulation of blood in the anatomical cavity is called: +À.hemopericardium Á.hydrothorax Â.hydroperitonium Ã.hemorrhage Ä.hematoma 194.Hemoptysis is also called: +À.hemoptoiesis Á.epistaxis Â.hematomesis Ã.metrarrhagia Ä.melena 195.The main causes of bleeding are: +À.corrosion of the vessel wall +Á.rupture of the vessel wall Â.exsicosis Ã.blood stasis in the vessels Ä.thrombosis 196.Which of the following can be considered as a hemorrhage: +À.hematoma Á.anasarca Â.hemorrhage Ã.all of the above Ä.ascites 197.Depending on the disease or pathological process that caused the edema, the following varieties are distinguished: +À.cardiac +Á.renal Â.brain Ã.liver Ä.pulmonary 198.Rapid large blood loss leads to the development of: +À.acute anemia Á.venous plethora Â.edema of organs Ã.chronic anemia Ä.stasis 199.During chronic venous congestion, the following occurs in the lungs: +À.hemosiderosis and sclerosis +Á.brown induction Â.hemomelanosis Ã.cyanatic induction Ä.hemochromatosis and sclerosis 200.The reason of nutmeg liver can be: +À.obliterating thrombophlebitis of the veins of the liver +Á.liver vein thrombosis Â.portal vein thrombosis Ã.hepatic artery thrombosis Ä.compression of the portal vein by a tumor 201.A “rusty” brain cyst is formed in place of: +À.hematomas Á.necrosis Â.tumors Ã.echinococcus Ä.ischemic infarction 202.In place of a hematoma in the brain, the following is usually formed: +À.cyst Á.the deposition of calcium salts Â.scar Ã.lime deposition Ä.tumor 203.The most unfavorable outcome of hemorrhage is: +À.suppuration Á.cyst Â.petrification Ã.resorption Ä.scar 204.The following types of hemorrhages are distinguished: +À.hematoma +Á.ecchymosis +Â.bruising Ã.exicosis Ä.chylothorax 205.During acute general venous congestion, the following things are observed: +À.plasmorrhagia +Á.swelling +Â.stasis +Ã.diapedetic hemorrhages Ä.metrorrhagia 206.What is a hematoma? +À.accumulation of blood in tissues with their destruction Á.accumulation of blood in serous cavities Â.the accumulation of blood in tissues without their destruction Ã.planar hemorrhage Ä.shallow hemorrhage 207.With brown induction of the lungs, the following changes are detected: +À.hemosiderosis +Á.sclerosis Â.hemomelanosis Ã.amyloidosis Ä.bruising 208.By corroding, bleeding develops during: +À.purulent inflammation Á.chronic venous congestion Â.acute venous congestion Ã.hypertensive crisis Ä.mechanical injury 209.The outcome of a hemorrhage may be: +À.suppuration +Á.encapsulation +Â.cyst formation Ã.chylothorax Ä.melena 210.By rupture, bleeding develops during: +À.hypertensive crisis Á.purulent inflammation Â.chronic venous congestion Ã.tumors Ä.acute venous congestion 211.The following occurs during the obstruction of the hepatic veins: +À.venous hyperemia of the liver +Á.nutmeg liver Â.vaccinal hyperemia Ã.hemochromatosis Ä.amyloidosis 212.The following types of local pathological arterial hyperemia are distinguished: +À.vacancy +Á.postanemic Â.compression Ã.obstructive Ä.ischemic 213.The occurrence of the following is caused by the presence of chronic venous plethora: +À.edema +Á.hypoxia +Â.sclerosis Ã.shock Ä.hemomelanosis 214.Examples of external bleeding are: +À.hemoptysis +Á.melena Â.petechiae Ã.hemoperitoneum Ä.hemothorax 215.Stasis is: +À.stop the flow of blood in the microvasculature Á.decrease in arterial blood flow Â.increase in blood viscosity Ã.ifficulty in the outflow of blood from the organ Ä.stopping the flow of arterial blood 216.The development of the following is associated with internal lymphorrhea: +À.chylous ascites +Á.chylothorax Â.nutmeg liver Ã.brown lung induction Ä.hemothorax 217.The development of stasis is not possible in: +À.arteries Á.precapillaries Â.capillaries Ã.arterioles Ä.postcapillaries 218.In the skin during general chronic venous plethora, there is: +À.lowering the temperature +Á.cyanosis +Â.sclerosis Ã.increase in temperature Ä.hemochromatosis 219.Small point hemorrhages in the skin are called: +À.petechiae +Á.ecchymoses Â.bruising Ã.lymphedema Ä.hematoma 220.During prolonged ischemia develops: +À.atrophy of the organ parenchyma +Á.fibroblast hyperplasia +Â.sclerosis Ã.parenchyma hyperplasia Ä.stromal atrophy 221.What is a sludge phenomenon? +À.adhesion of blood cells to each other Á.red blood cell agglutination Â.an increase in the number of blood cells Ã.increase in blood viscosity Ä.stop the flow of blood in the microvasculature 222.A swelling is: +À.increase in tissue fluid content Á.increase in blood supply Â.difficulty in the outflow of venous blood Ã.accumulation of exudate Ä.plasma impregnation 223.The physiological arterial hyperemia includes: +À.working +Á.reflex Â.nutmeg Ã.vacancy Ä.collateral 224.When a thrombus obstruction of the femoral artery in the foot occurs: +À.ischemia +Á.gangrene Â.venous hyperemia Ã.anemia Ä.lymphorrhea 225.Depending on the causes and conditions of occurrence, the following types of anemia are distinguished: +À.angiospastic +Á.obstructive +Â.compression Ã.neuroparalytic Ä.collateral 226.When obstruction of the lumen of the portal vein occurs: +À.venous congestion of the small intestine +Á.venous plethora of the spleen Â.nutmeg liver Ã.brown induction of the liver Ä.Budd-Chiari syndrome 227.When pulmonary edema is observed: +À.increase in lung size Á.dense lung consistency Â.weight reduction Ã.all of the above Ä.increased airiness 228.When pulmonary edema develops: +À.accumulation of edematous fluid in the lumen of the alveoli Á.expansion of the lumen of the alveoli Â.sclerosis of the interalveolar septum Ã.deposition of hemosiderin Ä.all of the above 229.Closure of the lumen of an artery with a thrombus may lead to the development of: +À.collateral hyperemia +Á.ischemia Â.atherosclerosis Ã.vaccinal hyperemia Ä.anemia 230.When pulmonary edema develops: +À.all of the above Á.plethora of capillaries Â.accumulation of edematous fluid in the lumen of the alveoli Ã.accumulation of edematous fluid in the interalveolar septa Ä.red blood cell diapedesis 231.Flat hemorrhages in the skin are called: +À.bruising Á.petechiae Â.ecchymoses Ã.hematoma Ä.hemorrhagic impregnation 232.The transudate is characterized by: +À.protein less than 2% Á.turbid type of liquid Â.a lot of cellular elements Ã.unpleasant odor Ä.all of the above 233.The accumulation of edematous fluid in the subcutaneous tissue is called: +À.anasarca Á.ascites Â.hydrocele Ã.hydropericardium Ä.hydrocephalus 234.Irregular heart attacks usually form in: +À.the brain +Á.heart +Â.intestines Ã.lungs Ä.the spleen 235.The immediate cause of a blood clot is: +À.damage to the vascular wall Á.red blood cell diapedesis Â.a decrease in the number of red blood cells Ã.plasmorrhagia Ä.decrease in platelet count 236.In relation to the lumen of the vessel or the cavities of the heart, a thrombus may be: +À.parietal +Á.obturating +Â.clogging Ã.perivascular Ä.transmural 237.What are the stages of thrombosis: +À.all of the above Á.platelet agglutination Â.plasma protein precipitation Ã.coagulation of fibrinogen Ä.red blood cell agglutination 238.Favorable outcomes of thrombosis include: +À.aseptic autolysis +Á.organization Â.septic autolysis Ã.thrombembolism Ä.thrombobacterial embolism 239.A heart attack of the type of collication necrosis is characteristic of: +À.the brain +Á.spinal cord Â.myocardium Ã.spleen Ä.kidney 240.White blood clots are more often formed in: +À.arteries Á.veins Â.aneurysm cavity Ã.capillaries 241.A blood clot may be: +À.obturating +Á.parietal Â.paradoxical Ã.fatty Ä.fabric 242.Red blood clots often form in: +À.veins Á.the cavity of the heart Â.arteries Ã.aorta Ä.capillaries 243.Hyaline thrombes are formed in: +À.capillaries Á.veins Â.the cavity of the heart Ã.arteries Ä.aorta 244.An unfavorable outcome of a blood clot is: +À.thromboembolism Á.organization Â.vascularization Ã.sewage Ä.petrification 245.Paradoxical embolism can develop if: +À.atrial septal defect +Á.ventricular septal defect +Â.arteriovenous anastomoses Ã.good collateral circulation Ä.aortic wall defect 246.Obstructive thrombus of an artery can lead to: +À.heart attack Á.venous plethora Â.thromboembolism Ã.arterial plethora Ä.atrophy 247.The following types of myocardial infarction are distinguished by localization: +À.subendocardial +Á.subepicardial +Â.transmural Ã.subchordal Ä.pericardial 248.A favorable outcome of thrombosis is: +À.organization Á.septic autolysis Â.thromboembolism Ã.purulent fusion Ä.obstruction of the lumen of the vessel 249.A blood clot consisting of alternating sections of a red and white blood clot is called: +À.mixed Á.red Â.hyaline Ã.white Ä.granular parietal 250.From the veins of the lower leg, thromboembol with blood flow usually falls into: +À.inferior vena cava +Á.right atrium +Â.pulmonary artery Ã.jugular vein Ä.portal vein 251.Favorable heart attack outcomes include: +À.organization +Á.replacement of dead masses with connective tissue +Â.petrification Ã.kollikvadaya Ä.septic autolysis 252.A blood clot that contains a large number of red blood cells is called: +À.red Á.layered Â.white Ã.hyaline Ä.mixed 253.A blood clot, which contains a large number of fibrin and white blood cells, is called: +À.white Á.red Â.layered Ã.hyaline Ä.mixed 254.A blood clot may be: +À.white +Á.mixed (layered) +Â.red Ã.white with a hemorrhagic nimbus Ä.posthumously arisen 255.During a thrombus obstruction of the femoral artery in the lower limb, the following develops: +À.gangrene Á.noma Â.sequestration Ã.wet necrosis Ä.plethora 256.Wedge-shaped infarcts usually form in: +À.kidneys +Á.lungs +Â.the spleen Ã.the brain Ä.the intestines 257.What arterial hyperemia can be combined with gas embolism? +À.vacancy Á.collateral Â.angioneurotic Ã.postanemic Ä.neuroparalytic 258.Thromboembolism of small branches of the pulmonary artery leads to: +À.pulmonary infarction Á.pulmonary coronary reflex Â.shock Ã.DIC Ä.atelectasis 259.The appearance of a blood clot is characterized by: +À.rough surface Á.not fastened to the vessel wall Â.smooth surface Ã.contains a lot of moisture Ä.all of the above is true 260.Local factors contributing to thrombosis include: +À.damage to the vascular wall +Á.slowing down and disturbance of blood flow +Â.vasculitis Ã.activation of the function of the anticoagulant system Ä.activation of the function of the coagulation system 261.Favorable outcomes of thrombosis include: +À.sewage thrombus +Á.thrombus vascularization +Â.organization of a blood clot Ã.septic thrombus autolysis Ä.purulent thrombus fusion 262.Thromboembolism of the trunk and large branches of the pulmonary artery leads to the development of: +À.pulmonary coronary reflex Á.shock Â.hemorrhagic heart attack Ã.DIC Ä.atelectasis 263.Retrograde embolism can develop with: +À.the movement of the embolus against blood flow Á.the movement of the embolus through the blood stream Â.the passage of an embolus through a ventricular septal defect Ã.the passage of the embolus through the atrial septal defect Ä.the presence of fat embolism 264.A heart attack is: +À.ischemic necrosis +Á.vascular necrosis +Â.angiogenic necrosis Ã.trophoneurotic necrosis Ä.toxic necrosis 265.The localization of blood clots with thromboembolism of the arteries of the pulmonary circulation is: +À.valves of the left heart Á.veins of the pulmonary circulation Â.valves of the right heart Ã.arteries of the pulmonary circulation Ä.veins of the pulmonary circulation 266.The most dangerous blockage of capillaries by fat emboli is: +À.lungs Á.kidney Â.intestines Ã.liver Ä.spleen 267.A white blood clot is more often formed: +À.slowly +Á.with rapid blood flow Â.fast Ã.with a slow flow of blood Ä.with paradoxical embolism 268.In which organ should the first metastases of an intestinal tumor be sought if it metastases hematogenously: +À.in the liver Á.in the lungs Â.in the heart Ã.in the spleen Ä.in the kidneys 269.What is the consequence of thromboembolism of the pulmonary circulation: +À.heart attacks in organs Á.plethora of organs Â.exicosis Ã.cachexia Ä.edema 270.Pulmonocoronary reflex develops during: +À.pulmonary artery thromboembolism Á.fatty embolism of the vessels of the lungs Â.fetal amniotic fluid embolism Ã.microbial embolism of pulmonary vessels Ä.thromboembolism of small branches of the pulmonary artery 271.Local factors contributing to thrombosis include: +À.swirling blood flow +Á.vasculitis Â.acceleration of blood flow Ã.activation of the function of the coagulation system Ä.inhibition of the function of the anticoagulant system 272.Possible outcomes of pulmonary infarction include: +À.organization +Á.scar formation +Â.suppuration Ã.myomalacia Ä.cyst formation 273.The sources of thromboembolism of a large circle of blood circulation are: +À.parietal thrombi of the left ventricle +Á.left atrial thrombus +Â.dilated thrombi of the aorta Ã.parietal thrombi of the right ventricle Ä.thrombi of the ear of the right atrium 274.What are the most common causes of infarction: +À.arterial thrombosis Á.venous plethora Â.thrombosis of large veins Ã.capillary embolism Ä.blood clots in the vessels of the microvasculature 275.Hemorrhagic infarction is most characteristic of: +À.lungs Á.hearts Â.liver Ã.spleen Ä.kidney 276.The sources of microbial embolism can be: +À.purulent thrombophlebitis +Á.septic endocarditis +Â.septic thrombus autolysis Ã.phlebothrombosis Ä.aseptic thrombus autolysis 277.With respect to the lumen of a vessel, a thrombus may be: +À.parietal +Á.obturating Â.progressive Ã.perivascular Ä.regressive 278.A red (hemorrhagic) infarction is typical for: +À.lungs Á.myocardium Â.kidney Ã.liver Ä.spleen 279.A white infarction with a hemorrhagic corolla is typical for: +À.myocardium Á.intestines Â.skin Ã.liver Ä.the brain 280.Fatty lung embolism usually develops during: +À.fracture of the tubular bones +Á.crushing of subcutaneous tissue Â.fatty degeneration of the liver Ã.ulceration of atherosclerotic plaques Ä.nutritional obesity 281.White (ischemic) infarction is typical for: +À.spleen Á.liver Â.intestines Ã.skin Ä.lungs 282.In which 2 diseases are myocardial infarctions considered common: +À.atherosclerosis +Á.arterial hypertension Â.rheumatism Ã.syphilis Ä.Budd-Chiari disease 283.Highlight the wrong position in the characteristic of myocardial infarction: +À.triangular Á.dense consistency Â.white-yellow color Ã.thrombus from the endocardium Ä.red whisk 284.Highlight the wrong position in the characteristic of infarction of the kidney: +À.a mushy consistency Á.triangular shape Â.white-yellow color Ã.cause of thrombosis (thromboembolism) Ä.red whisk 285.What blood clots can be a source of thrombobacterial embolism: +À.septic Á.organized Â.white Ã.mixed Ä.aseptic 286.The cause of sudden death in thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery trunk is: +À.pulmonary coronary reflex Á.insufficiency of collateral blood flow Â.suppuration of pulmonary infarction Ã.hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction Ä.brown lung induction 287.Gas embolism can occur with: +À.rapid decompression Á.injured neck veins Â.ammonia poisoning Ã.carbon monoxide poisoning Ä.application of pneumothorax 288.Myocardial infarction is characterized by: +À.irregular shape +Á.white color with a hemorrhagic nimbus Â.wedge-shaped Ã.conical shape Ä.white color 289.The most serious consequences have a heart attack: +À.the brain Á.spleen Â.lungs Ã.kidneys Ä.bones 290.An unfavorable outcome of a heart attack is: +À.purulent fusion +Á.organization +Â.petrification Ã.encapsulation Ä.cyst formation 291.In the outcome of myocardial infarction, this usually is formed: +À.scar Á.cyst Â.hemosiderosis Ã.abscess Ä.petrification 292.In a mixed thrombus, there are: +À.a head that has the structure of a white blood clot Á.a body that has the structure of a layered thrombus Â.tail, which has the structure of a red blood clot Ã.the neck, which has the structure of a mixed blood clot Ä.a head that has the structure of a red blood clot 293.The following is usually formed in the outcome of a cerebral infarction: +À.cyst Á.hemosiderosis Â.abscess Ã.petrification Ä.scar 294.As a result of what embolism can metastasis develop? +À.tissue +Á.microbial Â.thromboembolism Ã.fat Ä.gas 295.Exudative inflammation includes: +À.fibrinous inflammation +Á.putrefactive inflammation +Â.purulent inflammation Ã.interstitial inflammation Ä.granulomatous inflammation 296.The development of diphtheria or croupous inflammation in the large intestine is determined by: +À.the depth of necrosis Á.the type of pathogen Â.the severity of the current Ã.the degree of circulatory disorders Ä.leukocyte activity 297.Note the type of exudate that underlies diphtheria inflammation: +À.fibrinous Á.purulent Â.serous Ã.hemorrhagic Ä.catarrhal 298.At what changes in the pericardium is the heart called “hairy”: +À.loss of fibrin masses Á.organization of exudate Â.the imposition of pus Ã.the development of fibrotic adhesions Ä.petrification of exudate 299.Under what changes in the pericardium is the heart called “carapace”: +À.organization and petrification of exudate Á.loss of fibrin masses Â.the imposition of purulent exudate Ã.the formation of fibrotic adhesions Ä.tumor growth 300.The most common cause of purulent inflammation is: +À.staphylococci Á.viruses Â.toxins Ã.the simplest Ä.chemicals 301.Phlegmon is characterized by: +À.the presence of diffuse purulent inflammation Á.the presence of catarrhal inflammation Â.the presence of fibrinous inflammation Ã.delimitation from neighboring tissues by a shaft of granulation tissue Ä.the presence of a pyogenic membrane 302.With microscopy, purulent exudate is diagnosed by a large number of: +À.neutrophilic white blood cells Á.fibrin Â.lymphocytes Ã.red blood cells Ä.macrophages 303.The initial phase of inflammation is: À.alteration Á.exudation Â.proliferation Ã.phagocytosis Ä.pinocytosis 304.Indicate the morphological forms of inflammation: +À.proliferative +Á.exudative inflammation +Â.productive inflammation Ã.mesenchymal inflammation Ä.mixed inflammation 305.The main component of purulent exudate is: +À.neutrophilic white blood cells Á.water Â.fibroblasts Ã.microorganisms Ä.detritus 306.Phlegmon is most often observed: +À.in subcutaneous fat +Á.in loose fibrous connective tissue Â.in the substance of the brain Ã.in the liver Ä.in the myocardium 307.Hemorrhagic inflammation is observed with: +À.anthrax +Á.flu +Â.plague Ã.peptic ulcer Ä.thyrotoxicosis 308.Indicate the name of purulent inflammation: +À.abscess Á.cyst Â.granuloma Ã.hematoma Ä.anasarca 309.With diphtheria in the tonsils, inflammation develops: +À.diphtheria Á.purulent Â.croupous Ã.putrefactive Ä.catarrhal 310.The causes of hemorrhagic inflammation are: +À.influenza virus +Á.anthrax bacillus +Â.Pasteurella plague Ã.gonococcus Ä.streptococcus 311.Indicate the types and varieties of purulent inflammation: +À.abscess +Á.soft phlegmon +Â.solid phlegmon Ã.croupous inflammation Ä.diphtheria inflammation 312.It is usually not the cause of purulent inflammation: +À.viruses Á.staphylococci Â.Escherichia Ã.streptococci Ä.Klebsiella 313.Phlegmon refers to the following type of inflammation: +À.purulent Á.catarrhal Â.croupous Ã.putrefactive Ä.diphtheria 314.List the morphological forms of inflammation: +À.exudative +Á.proliferative +Â.productive Ã.dystrophic Ä.necrobiotic 315.Purulent exudate macroscopically looks like a liquid: +À.thick yellow-green Á.transparent Â.stained with blood Ã.slightly cloudy Ä.mucous appearance 316.In purulent exudate, unlike serous, prevail: +À.neutrophils +Á.purulent bodies Â.desquamated cells of the integumentary epithelium Ã.desquamated mesothelial cells Ä.mucus 317.Focal suppurative inflammation with tissue melting and cavity formation is called: +À.abscess Á.cyst Â.phlegmon Ã.granuloma Ä.empyema 318.What can occur as a result of increased vascular permeability at the level of the microvasculature: +À.exudation of blood plasma +Á.emigration of blood cells +Â.the formation of exudate and cellular infiltrate Ã.exicosis Ä.cadaveric hypostases 319.Specify the types of fibrinous inflammation: +À.croupous +Á.diphtheria Â.putrefactive Ã.proliferative Ä.productive 320.Indicate the type of exudative inflammation most characteristic of pharyngeal diphtheria: +À.diphtheria Á.purulent Â.catarrhal Ã.croupous Ä.putrefactive 321.Indicate the complication of chronically current purulent inflammation: +À.secondary amyloidosis Á.plethora Â.edema Ã.systemic hyalinosis Ä.cell proliferation 322.Fibrinous inflammation includes: +À.croupous Á.purulent Â.serous Ã.putrefactive Ä.catarrhal 323.The causes of nonspecific inflammation are usually: +À.streptococci +Á.meningococci +Â.staphylococci Ã.Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ä.pale treponema 324.Where croupous inflammation is usually localized: +À.trachea +Á.bronchi Â.the oral cavity Ã.tonsils Ä.pharynx 325.What is the form of inflammation in which cell proliferation is most pronounced: +À.proliferative inflammation +Á.productive inflammation Â.alternative inflammation Ã.exudative inflammation Ä.parenchymal inflammation 326.In acute suppurative inflammation, the following can be observed: +À.fistulas +Á.lymphangitis +Â.thrombophlebitis +Ã.cellulite Ä."hairy heart" 327.Catarrhal inflammation is characterized by: +À.isolation and draining of exudate Á.film formation Â.the formation of ulcers and erosion Ã.deformation of the lumen 328.What are the types of purulent inflammation: +À.phlegmon +Á.abscess Â.croupous Ã.putrefactive Ä.granulomatous 329.A precancerous change in the epithelium in chronic catarrh is: +À.dysplasia Á.atrophy Â.dystrophy Ã.desquamation Ä.everything is right 330.Depending on the nature of the course, inflammation is classified into: +À.acute +Á.chronic Â.fibrinous Ã.specific Ä.non-specific 331.A typical outcome of acute catarrhal inflammation is: +À.resorption and regeneration Á.sclerosis and deformity Â.ulceration and perforation Ã.organization and petrification Ä.the development of a cancerous tumor 332.An exudate containing few leukocytes and a lot of fluid is called: +À.serous Á.hemorrhagic Â.purulent Ã.putrefactive Ä.fibrinous 333.Examples of exudative inflammation are: +À.purulent inflammation +Á.catarrhal inflammation +Â.parenchymal inflammation Ã.interstitial inflammation Ä.granulomatous inflammation 334.Where is diphtheria inflammation usually located: +À.pharynx +Á.tonsils +Â.esophagus Ã.stomach Ä.intestines 335.An exudate containing a large number of neutrophilic white blood cells is called: +À.purulent Á.serous Â.hemorrhagic Ã.putrefactive Ä.fibrinous 336.The successive phases of the inflammatory process are: +À.alteration +Á.exudation +Â.proliferation Ã.coagulation Ä.infiltration 337.Exudate containing a large amount of fibrin is called: +À.fibrinous Á.serous Â.hemorrhagic Ã.purulent Ä.putrefactive 338.For tuberculous granulomas are characteristic: +À.lymphocytes +Á.epithelioid cells Â.neutrophils Ã.eosinophils Ä.mast cells 339.Syphilis can be: +À.acquired +Á.congenital +Â.visceral Ã.idiopathic Ä.senile 340.Specific inflammation include: +À.syphilis +Á.scleroma +Â.tuberculosis Ã.rheumatism Ä.trichinosis 341.A cell of inflammatory infiltrate of histiogenic nature is: +À.epithelioid Á.monocyte Â.neutrophilic white blood cell Ã.lymphocyte Ä.eosinophilic white blood cell 342.For tuberculous granulomas are characteristic: +À.Pirogov-Langhans cells +Á.coagulation necrosis Â.Virchow cells Ã.Mikulich cells Ä.collicative necrosis 343.For secondary syphilis are characteristic: +À.syphilis Á.solitary gums Â.solid chancre Ã.gummy infiltrate Ä.millionth gum 344.Specific inflammation includes: +À.leprosy +Á.tuberculosis +Â.scleroma Ã.echinococcosis Ä.sarcoidosis 345.The morphological type of productive inflammation is: +À.granulomatous Á.putrefactive Â.purulent Ã.serous Ä.hemorrhagic 346.For syphilitic mesortitis, a lesion is characteristic: +À.ascending aorta +Á.aortic arch Â.aortic bifurcation Ã.abdominal aorta Ä.adventitia of the aorta 347.Productive inflammation is called inflammation with: +À.the predominance of proliferation Á.severe alteration Â.the formation of granulomas Ã.proliferation of fibrous tissue Ä.pronounced exudation 348.The most typical course of productive inflammation is: +À.chronic Á.acute Â.subacute Ã.lightning fast 349.Proliferate in the focus of productive inflammation: +À.macrophages Á.neutrophilic white blood cells Â.reticulocytes Ã.basophilic white blood cells Ä.red blood cells 350.Specify the cells characteristic of syphilitic granuloma: +À.lymphocytes +Á.plasmocytes Â.Virchow cells Ã.hyaline balls Ä.Mikulich cells 351.A typical outcome of a productive interstitial inflammation is: +À.sclerosis Á.edema Â.calcification Ã.ossification Ä.suppuration 352.For secondary syphilis are characteristic: +À.roseola +Á.papules +Â.pustules Ã.gum Ä.abscesses Dubois 353.The granuloma is the center: +À.the accumulation of cells capable of phagocytosis Á.purulent inflammation Â.accumulations of lymphoid cells Ã.caseous necrosis Ä.fibrous tissue 354.Signs characteristic of specific inflammation include: +À.the formation of granulomas +Á.the predominance of a productive tissue reaction +Â.chronic undulating course Ã.the predominance of exudative tissue reaction Ä.polyetiologic disease 355.Highlight non-infectious granuloma: +À.oleogranuloma Á.tuberculosis Â.with scleroma Ã.with leprosy Ä.syphilitic 356.Highlight infectious granuloma: +À.syphilitic Á.oleogranuloma Â.lipogranuloma Ã.around a foreign body Ä.with asbestosis 357.In productive inflammation, prevails: +À.cell proliferation Á.alterations Â.reactions of the microvasculature Ã.exudation Ä.cell atypism 358.Specific inflammations include: +À.tuberculosis Á.leprosy Â.sarcoidosis Ã.echinococcosis Ä.typhoid fever 359.An immune granuloma develops with: +À.tuberculosis Á.alveococcosis Â.asbestosis Ã.silicosis Ä.a foreign body 360.Tell me where productive inflammation with the formation of polyps can occur: +À.stomach +Á.intestines Â.the brain Ã.the liver Ä.anus 361.Choose the wrong position for syphilitic granuloma: +À.non-infectious Á.solitary Â.immune Ã.in the end, a rough scar Ä.specific 362.In the outcome of tuberculous inflammation may occur: +À.encapsulation +Á.petrification +Â.sclerosis Ã.leprosy Ä.gum 363.In visceral syphilis, it is most often affected: +À.cardiovascular system Á.respiratory system Â.the gastrointestinal tract Ã.genitourinary organs Ä.endocrine glands 364.A complication of syphilitic mesortitis is: +À.aneurysm of the thoracic aorta Á.aneurysm of the abdominal aorta Â.cardiosclerosis Ã.aortic heart disease Ä.myocardial infarction 365.Productive inflammation is characteristic of: +À.rheumatism +Á.scleromas +Â.tuberculosis Ã.flu Ä.anthrax 366.A typical localization of inflammatory polyps is: +À.mucous membranes of the nasal cavity Á.serous membranes Â.meninges Ã.mucous membranes of the anogenital region Ä.everywhere 367.A typical localization of genital warts is: +À.mucous membranes of the anogenital region Á.serous membranes Â.meninges Ã.mucous membranes of the bronchi Ä.mucous membranes of the nasal cavity 368.Congenital syphilis is divided into: +À.early +Á.late Â.primary Ã.secondary Ä.returnable 369.Around animal parasites usually occurs: +À.productive inflammation +Á.non-specific inflammation Â.alternative inflammation Ã.exudative inflammation Ä.specific inflammation 370.What is "proliferation" +À.cell reproduction Á.cell death Â.cell damage Ã.a synonym for regeneration Ä.the outcome of inflammation 371.Highlight non-immune granuloma: +À.around a foreign body Á.with tuberculosis Â.with leprosy Ã.with syphilis Ä.with rhinoscleroma 372.Genital warts are very characteristic for: +À.gonorrhea +Á.syphilis Â.tuberculosis Ã.pneumonia Ä.peritonitis 373.Leproma is characterized by: +À.macrophages +Á.lymphocytes +Â.plasmocytes Ã.Mikulich cells Ä.zoeinophils 374.During tuberculosis, the granuloma is: +À.epitheliocellular Á.macrophagic Â.necrotic Ã.regenerative Ä.giantocellular 375.A specific granuloma develops with: +À.tuberculosis Á.rheumatism Â.echinococcus Ã.around the suture material Ä.yersiniosis 376.For granulomatous diseases characterized by: +À.violation of immune homeostasis Á.acute course Â.more often full recovery Ã.necessarily the manifestation of exudation Ä.necessarily the formation of caseous necrosis 377.When myocardial infarction is observed +À.substitution +Á.cardiomyocyte hypertrophy +Â.organization of necrosis Ã.restitution Ä.hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes 378.An increase in the volume of functional structures with an increase in function is called: +À.hypertrophy Á.dystrophy Â.atrophy Ã.dysplasia Ä.metaplasia 379.In uncomplicated bone fractures, the following occurs: +À.preliminary callus +Á.primary bone fusion Â.bone and cartilage callus Ã.exostosis Ä.false joint 380.An increase in the number of cellular elements is called: +À.hyperplasia Á.dystrophy Â.dysplasia Ã.metaplasia Ä.hypertrophy 381.Vicar hypertrophy can develop in: +À.lung +Á.kidney Â.heart Ã.liver Ä.bladder 382.Choose the type of hypertrophy: +À.working Á.cerebral Â.neurotic Ã.dysfunctional Ä.pressure 383.Glandular endometrial hyperplasia refers to hypertrophy: +À.neurohumoral Á.working Â.correlative Ã.vicar 384.The type of hypertrophy in heart disease is: +À.working Á.correlative Â.vicar Ã.neurohumoral 385.The following forms of general pathological atrophy are distinguished: +À.cancer cachexia +Á.cerebral cachexia +Â.pituitary cachexia Ã.senile atrophy Ä.neurotic atrophy 386.Cellular regeneration is characteristic of: +À.hematopoietic tissue +Á.lymphoid tissue +Â.serous membranes Ã.endocrine organs Ä.autonomic nervous system 387.The type of myocardial hypertrophy in hypertension is: +À.working Á.correlative Â.vicar Ã.neurohumoral 388.Myocardial hypertrophy occurs due to: +À.increase in the size of myocytes Á.increase in the number of myocytes Â.edema of the stroma Ã.myocyte dystrophy 389.The following types of regeneration are distinguished: +À.physiological +Á.pathological Â.atrophic Ã.fabric Ä.organ 390.The cause of physiological myocardial hypertrophy is: +À.great physical activity Á.heart disease Â.cardiosclerosis Ã.hypertension Ä.toxic myocarditis 391.For cardiac hypertrophy in the compensation stage of the above, only: +À.thickening of the wall of the ventricles Á.a decrease in heart size Â.myogenic cavity dilatation Ã.flabby myocardial consistency Ä.fatty degeneration of myocytes 392.Regenerative hypertrophy due to cell hyperplasia is characteristic of: +À.liver +Á.kidney +Â.pancreas Ã.myocardium Ä.the brain 393.In a hypertrophic myocardium with decompensation develops: +À.myocyte dystrophy Á.atrophy of myocytes Â.regeneration Ã.myocyte hyperplasia Ä.myocyte hypertrophy 394.With decompensation in the heart develops: +À.dystrophy of myocytes Á.an increase in the number of myocytes Â.atrophy of myocytes Ã.an increase in the size of myocytes 395.In what organ does vicar hypertrophy develop: +À.kidneys Á.heart Â.the uterus Ã.the stomach Ä.the bladder 396.After the removal of one kidney in another is observed: +À.vicar hypertrophy +Á.replacement hypertrophy Â.metaplasia Ã.histological accommodation Ä.vaccine hypertrophy 397.For the decompensation phase of a hypertrophied heart from the above, only: +À.myocardial sagging Á.tonogenic expansion of the chambers Â.an increase in the wall thickness of the ventricles Ã.increase in heart weight Ä.an increase in the size of myocytes 398.Neurohumoral hypertrophy develops in: +À.mammary glands during pregnancy Á.heart with hypertension Â.the bladder with prostatic hyperplasia Ã.the kidney when removing the second kidney Ä.the wall of the stomach with pyloric stenosis 399.The following types of regeneration are distinguished: +À.physiological +Á.reparative +Â.pathological Ã.neurohumoral Ä.compensatory 400.Intravital decrease in the volume of functioning structures is called: +À.atrophy Á.hypertrophy Â.hypoplasia Ã.hyperplasia Ä.dysplasia 401.Local atrophy includes: +À.dysfunctional Á.cerebral cachexia Â.cancer cachexia Ã.nutritional exhaustion Ä.pituitary cachexia 402.Organizations include: +À.wound healing +Á.replacement of the necrosis site with connective tissue +Â.encapsulation Ã.prosoplasia Ä.histological accommodation 403.General atrophy includes: +À.nutritional exhaustion Á.atrophy from inaction Â.neurotic atrophy Ã.all of the above Ä.atrophy from pressure 404.When atrophy from pressure can occur: +À.usury +Á.hydronephrosis +Â.hydrocephalus Ã.ichthyosis Ä.onychogryphosis 405.Local atrophy includes: +À.from insufficient blood supply Á.vicar Â.cerebral Ã.cancer Ä.pituitary 406.An example of pressure atrophy is atrophy: +À.kidneys in the presence of stones Á.bone marrow radiation sickness Â.muscle fracture Ã.myocardium with atherosclerosis of the coronary artery 407.The processes of adaptation are most clearly represented: +À.atrophy +Á.tissue remodeling +Â.metaplasia Ã.hypertrophy Ä.regeneration 408.An example of atrophy from the action of physical factors is atrophy: +À.bone marrow in radiation sickness Á.muscle fracture Â.kidneys in the presence of stones Ã.adrenal cortex when taking corticosteroids 409.An example of atrophy from circulatory failure is +À.focal myocardial atrophy in coronary artery atherosclerosis Á.atrophy of the adrenal cortex when taking corticosteroids Â.muscle atrophy in bone fracture Ã.atrophy of the optic nerve when removing the eye 410.The transition of one type of tissue to another, related to it, is called: +À.Àmetaplasia Á.dysplasia Â.anaplasia Ã.malignancy Ä.hyperplasia 411.Brown atrophy is typical for: +À.liver Á.stomach Â.kidney Ã.lungs Ä.prostate gland 412.In violation of the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain develops: +À.hydrocephalus Á.swelling and swelling Â.meningitis Ã.encephalitis Ä.tumor 413.Connective tissue metaplasia is possible in: +À.bone Á.epithelial Â.muscle Ã.hematopoietic Ä.nervous 414.With metaplasia, an epithelium develops in the mucous membrane of the bronchi: +À.multilayer flat Á.cylindrical Â.cubic Ã.prismatic Ä.atrial 415.Metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium develops against the background of: +À.chronic inflammation Á.lymphostasis Â.acute inflammation Ã.plethora Ä.necrosis 416.Against the background of metaplasia of the epithelium of the bronchi develops: +À.cancer Á.dystrophy Â.atrophy Ã.inflammation Ä.necrosis 417.The growth of connective tissue in the pathological focus is called: +À.organization Á.metaplasia Â.petrification Ã.encapsulation Ä.dysplasia 418.Fouling of the connective tissue of the pathological focus is called: +À.encapsulation Á.metaplasia Â.petrification Ã.dysplasia Ä.organization 419.Focal sclerosis at the site of the pathological focus is called: +À.scar Á.cyst Â.cirrhosis Ã.cardiosclerosis Ä.petrification 420.According to the mechanism of occurrence, the following types of hypertrophy are distinguished: +À.vicar +Á.working +Â.neurohumoral Ã.true Ä.false 421.The following types of local atrophy are distinguished: +À.atrophy from insufficient blood supply +Á.dysfunctional atrophy +Â.neurotic atrophy Ã.atrophy in Simmonds disease Ä.atrophy with cerebral cachexia 422.Severe organ sclerosis with remodeling and deformation is called: +À.cirrhosis Á.scar Â.diffuse fibrosis Ã.diffuse sclerosis Ä.focal fibrosis 423.Violation of cell proliferation and differentiation with the appearance of cell atypia in some cells is called: +À.dysplasia Á.hyperplasia Â.metaplasia Ã.organization Ä.anaplasia 424.Examples of tissue remodeling may include: +À.collateral circulation +Á.histological accommodation Â.atrophy Ã.dystrophy Ä.necrosis 425.Highlight the type of wound healing: +À.primary intention Á.by organizing Â.by encapsulation Ã.by metaplasia Ä.all of the above 426.Compensatory-adaptive processes go through the following phases: +À.formation +Á.fixing +Â.exhaustion Ã.updates Ä.substitution 427.The restoration of structural elements of tissue instead of the dead is called: +À.regeneration Á.organization Â.dysplasia Ã.anaplasia Ä.metaplasia 428.What is granulation tissue? +À.young connective tissue Á.fibrous connective tissue Â.mature connective tissue Ã.vessel-poor tissue Ä.cell-poor tissue 429.Indicate where predominantly intracellular regeneration is observed: +À.striated muscle +Á.myocardium Â.smooth muscle Ã.liver Ä.kidneys 430.Organization is ... +À.wound healing +Á.encapsulation Â.mummification Ã.mutation Ä.impregnation 431.Among the regulatory mechanisms of regeneration are distinguished: +À.humoral +Á.functional +Â.immunological Ã.physiological Ä.pathological 432.Indicate where exclusively intracellular regeneration is observed: +À.CNS Á.autonomic nervous system Â.smooth muscles Ã.skeletal muscle Ä.peripheral nervous system 433.Vicarial hypertrophy is characteristic of: +À.kidney +Á.adrenal glands Â.spleen Ã.the brain Ä.liver 434.What tissue can regenerate by type of restitution? +À.blood Á.nervous Â.cartilage Ã.muscle Ä.myocardium 435.The causes of Symmonds disease can be: +À.pituitary atrophy +Á.hemorrhages in the pituitary gland +Â.embolism of the pituitary arteries Ã.myxedema Ä.pituitary cell hypertrophy 436.Epidermal metaplasia occurs in: +À.bronchial mucosa Á.pancreas Â.the mucous membrane of the esophagus Ã.skin Ä.bone marrow 437.For scar tissue characteristic: +À.the abundance of collagen fibers Á.the abundance of proliferating connective tissue cells Â.the abundance of chromotropic fibers Ã.the abundance of blood vessels Ä.intense leukocyte infiltration 438.Depending on the mechanism of occurrence, the following types of hypertrophy are distinguished: +À.vicar +Á.working +Â.neurohumoral Ã.neurotic Ä.dysfunctional 439.The following forms of general atrophy are distinguished: +À.nutritional exhaustion +Á.atrophy in Simmonds disease +Â.malnutrition in cancer cachexia Ã.neurotic atrophy Ä.atrophy from insufficient blood supply 440.Compensatory cardiac hypertrophy develops with: +À.hypertension Á.DIC Â.shocked Ã.toxic myocardial dystrophy Ä.acute myocarditis 441.Cellular regeneration is characteristic of: +À.hematopoietic tissue +Á.lymphoid tissue Â.myocardium Ã.striated muscles Ä.CNS ganglion cells 442.With respect to the lumen of a hollow organ, tumor growth can be: +À.exophytic +Á.endophytic Â.expansive Ã.infiltrating Ä.multicentric 443.Undifferentiated cancer includes: +À.mucous cancer +Á.brain cancer +Â.colloid cancer Ã.glandular cancer Ä.liver cell cancer 444.Highlight the signs inherent in fibrous cancer: +À.early metastases +Á.is undifferentiated cancer Â.grows mainly expansively Ã.has only tissue atypism Ä.develops from fibrous tissue 445.Highlight the types of tumor growth depending on the degree of differentiation: +À.invasive +Á.appositional +Â.infiltrating +Ã.expansive Ä.hematogenous 446.Highlight the signs characteristic of a malignant tumor: +À.invasive growth +Á.the presence of cellular atypism +Â.recurrence Ã.lack of metastases Ä.slow growth 447.List the varieties of adenomas: +À.cystadenoma +Á.acinar +Â.tubular Ã.glandular Ä.non-keratinized 448.Highlight the signs inherent in solid cancer: +À.is an undifferentiated form of cancer +Á.has tissue atypism +Â.has cellular atypism Ã.late metastases Ä.grows expansively 449.Due to the general effect of a malignant tumor on the body, the following are often detected: +À.a change in the activity of enzymes in the blood +Á.anemia +Â.a decrease in blood lipids Ã.a decrease in ESR Ä.an increase in the amount of protein in the blood 450.What are the types of metastasis of malignant tumors? +À.hematogenous +Á.contact +Â.mixed Ã.recurrent Ä.general and local 451.Among the named forms of cancer, distinguish differentiated: +À.adenocarcinoma +Á.squamous keratinized Â.skirr Ã.colloidal Ä.small cell 452.Where is the adenoma usually located: +À.in the mammary gland +Á.in the adrenal glands Â.in the mucosa of the bladder Ã.in the mucosa of the esophagus Ä.in the lymph nodes 453.Highlight microscopic forms of cancer: +À.small cell +Á.cerebral +Â.squamous Ã.giant cell Ä.fibrinoid 454.Highlight the signs inherent in papilloma: +À.tissue atypism Á.cell atypism Â.metastasis Ã.invasive growth Ä.cancer pearls 455.Secondary changes in a malignant tumor can be represented: +À.petrification +Á.ecrosis Â.malignancy Ã.pinocytosis 456.Highlight the signs characteristic of a malignant tumor: +À.metastasis +Á.rapid growth +Â.recurrence Ã.expansive growth Ä.only tissue atypism 457.List the varieties of adenomas: +À.alveolar +Á.trabecular +Â.papillary Ã.keratinized Ä.medullary 458.Highlight the signs inherent in squamous cell carcinoma: +À.cancer pearls may occur +Á.is a differentiated cancer Â.expansive growth Ã.the predominance of stroma over the parenchyma Ä.the prevalence of the parenchyma over the stroma 459.Due to the general effect of a malignant tumor on the body, it is often detected: +À.increase in ESR +Á.hypoproteinemia +Â.cachexia Ã.an increase in the number of red blood cells Ä.an increase in lipids in the blood 460.What are the types of metastasis of malignant tumors? +À.implantation +Á.lymphogenous Â.invasive Ã.hemosorption Ä.intermediate 461.Highlight the varieties of adenomas: +À.fibroadenoma +Á.papillary Â.mesh Ã.teratoma Ä.adenocarcinoma 462.Papilloma can be complicated: +À.bleeding +Á.inflammation +Â.malignancy with the development of squamous cell carcinoma Ã.resorption Ä.malignancy with the development of adenocarcinoma 463.What types of tumor growth are distinguished in relation to the lumen of a hollow organ? +À.endophytic +Á.excitatory Â.invasive Ã.pin Ä.appositional 464.Highlight microscopic forms of cancer: +À.skirr +Á.colloidal +Â.epidermal Ã.mesenchymal Ä.osmotic 465.Highlight the signs inherent in adenoma: +À.the presence of tissue atypism +Á.expansive growth Â.invasive growth Ã.the presence of cellular atypism Ä.metastasis 466.In which organs and tissues can cancer develop: +À.the stomach +Á.pancreas Â.lymph nodes Ã.the spleen Ä.bones 467.What are the types of morphological atypism of the tumor: +À.cell +Á.tissue Â.organ Ã.biochemical Ä.mixed 468.Highlight microscopic forms of cancer: +À.mucous +Á.solid +Â.fibrous +Ã.small cell Ä.parenchymal 469.In what organs and tissues can an adenoma develop? +À.thyroid gland +Á.pituitary gland Â.the substance of the brain Ã.spleen Ä.bones 470.For tumors with locally destructive growth are characteristic: +À.Àinvasive growth Á.expansive growth Â.lymphogenous metastasis Ã.hematogenous metastasis Ä.implantation metastasis 471.List the tumors developing from the glandular epithelium: +À.adenomatous polyp +Á.mucous cancer +Â.medullary cancer Ã.papilloma Ä.epidermal cancer 472.Highlight the signs inherent in mucous cancer: +À.develops from the glandular epithelium +Á.grows invasively +Â.cell atypism is detected Ã.refers to differentiated cancer Ä.the stroma prevails over the parenchyma 473.For papillomas are characteristic: +À.tissue atypism Á.cell atypism Â.invasive growth Ã.lymphogenous metastasis Ä.cancer pearls 474.Highlight among the named tumors benign: +À.adenoma +Á.papilloma +Â.polyp +Ã.fibroadenoma Ä.skyrr 475.For "cancer in place" are characteristic: +À.cell atypism +Á.tissue atypism Â.invasive growth Ã.infiltrating growth Ä.often localized in the bones 476.For malignant organ-specific tumors are characteristic: +À.cell atypism +Á.tissue atypisis +Â.infiltrating growth Ã.expansive growth Ä.slow growth 477.Select among the listed tumors organ-specific malignant: +À.nephroblastoma +Á.chorionepithelioma +Â.seminom Ã.hepatoma Ä.fibroadenoma 478.The benign organ-specific breast tumors include: +À.pericanalicular fibroadenoma +Á.intracanalicular fibroadenoma Â.Paget's disease Ã.syringoadenoma Ä.chorionepithelioma 479.Destructing cystic skid is transformed into: +À.chorionic epithelium +Á.chorionic carcinoma Â.choroid papilloma Ã.nephroblastic Ä.granulosa cell cancer 480.Organ-specific tumors of the adrenal gland include: +À.pheochromocytoma +Á.pheochromoblastoma Â.folliculoma Ã.thymoma Ä.fibroma 481.Isolate malignant organ-specific tumors: +À.seminoma +Á.dysgerminoma Â.skirr Ã.polyp Ä.tekoma 482.For tumors with locally destructive growth are characteristic: +À.invasive growth Á.expansive growth Â.lymphogenous metastasis Ã.hematogenous metastasis Ä.mixed pathway metastasis 483.Among the listed tumors, highlight the organ-specific malignant: +À.nephroblastoma +Á.seminom +Â.chorionepithelioma Ã.solid adenoma Ä.hepatoma 484.What are the malignant epithelial organ-specific tumors of the ovary: +À.serous cystadenocarcinoma +Á.pseudomucinous cystcarcinoma Â.serous cystadenoma Ã.malignant tecom Ä.dysgerminoma 485.For benign organ-specific tumors are characteristic: +À.expansive growth +Á.tissue atypism Â.rapid growth Ã.destruction growth Ä.cell atypism 486.Calculate among these tumors benign organ-specific: +À.hepatoma Á.papilloma Â.the seminoma Ã.adenoma Ä.Paget's disease 487.The source of organ-specific epithelial tumors in the kidney can be: +À.tubule epithelium +Á.metanephrogenic tissue Â.glomerular capsule epithelium Ã.ureteral epithelium Ä.epithelium of the pelvis 488.What are the organ-specific ovarian tumors arising from stroma of the genital cord: +À.tekoma +Á.granulosa cell tumor Â.serous cystadenoma Ã.mucinous cystadenoma Ä.pseudomucinous cystoma 489.Cancer of the thyroid gland usually develops against the background of: +À.adenomas Á.polyp Â.papillomas Ã.basal cell carcinoma Ä.insulomas 490.What are the tumors with locally destructive growth: +À.basal cell carcinoma +Á.basal cell carcinoma Â.cystadenoma Ã.dysgerminoma Ä.chorionepithelioma 491.What are the malignant organ-specific ovarian epithelial tumors: +À.pseudo-mucinous cystadenocarcinoma +Á.serous cystadenocarcinoma Â.serous cystadenoma Ã.malignant tecom Ä.dysgerminoma 492.Organ-specific tumors of the adrenal gland include: +À.pheochromocytoma +Á.pheochromoblastoma +Â.adrenocortical cancer Ã.folliculoma Ä.carcinoid 493.Which of the following tumors does not contain stroma: +À.chorionepithepioma Á.cystic drift Â.malignant insuloma Ã.choroid papilloma Ä.acne cancer 494.What are the types of metastasis of malignant tumors? +À.implantation +Á.lymphogenous Â.invasive Ã.hemosorption Ä.morphological 495.Among the named tumors, select benign: +À.fibroadenoma +Á.pinealoma +Â.tekoma Ã.dysgerminone Ä.seminoma 496.Characterize pheochromocytoma: +À.mature tumor +Á.from the adrenal medulla Â.malignant tumor Ã.from the cortical layer of the adrenal gland Ä.early metastases 497.What are the tumors from the integumentary epithelium: +À.basal cell carcinoma +Á.papilloma Â.skirr Ã.mucous cancer Ä.cystic drift 498.The benign mesenchymal tumors include: +À.skin fibroma Á.angiofibroma of the nasopharynx Â.desmoid Ã.chondrosarcoma Ä.leiomyosarcoma 499.For fibroma, the most characteristic are: +À.expansive growth +Á.tissue atypism Â.invasive growth Ã.cell atypism Ä.both cellular and tissue atypism 500.Benign tumors of mesenchymal origin include: +À.fibromyoma Á.desmoid Â.leiomyosarcoma Ã.liposarcoma Ä.osteosarcoma 501.Synovial sarcomas are characterized by: +À.rapid growth +Á.invasive growth Â.expansive growth Ã.late metastasis Ä.slow growth 502.Malignant mesenchymal tumors include: +À.leiomyosarcoma +Á.fibromyoma Â.desmoid Ã.chondroma Ä.angiofibroma of the nasopharynx 503.Fibroma can be: +À.dense +Á.soft Â.spongy Ã.compact Ä.malignant 504.What are immature tumors of muscle origin: +À.leiomyosarcoma +Á.rhabdomyosarcoma Â.fibrosarcoma Ã.malignant chemodectoma Ä.malignant histiocytoma 505.For cavernous hemangioma of the liver is characteristic only: +À.built from venous vessels Á.tissue and cell atypism Â.immature cells Ã.metastasizes hematogenously Ä.malignant course 506.A malignant mesenchymal tumor is: +À.liposarcoma Á.osteoma Â.desmoid Ã.fibroma Ä.capillary hemangioma 507.A benign tumor from muscle tissue is: +À.leiomyoma Á.fibroma Â.fibrosarcoma Ã.leiomyosarcoma Ä.hemangioma 508.Highlight the wrong position regarding capillary hemangioma: +À.metastasizes Á.mature tumor Â.develops from blood vessels Ã.has local growth Ä.often found in the skin 509.The most common localization of leiomyoma is: +À.uterus Á.skin Â.soft tissue Ã.in the heart Ä.stomach 510.The histological type of fibrosarcoma is: +À.Àundifferentiated Á.soft Â.juvenile Ã.dense Ä.desmoid 511.For lipoma is characteristic: +À.tissue atypism +Á.slow growth Â.hematogenous metastasis Ã.lymphogenous metastasis Ä.cell atypism 512.The first metastases of sarcoma of soft tissues of the lower limb are localized in: +À.lungs Á.bones Â.liver Ã.regional lymph nodes Ä.kidneys 513.Mature mesenchymal tumors are usually characterized by: +À.slow growth +Á.expansive growth Â.rapid growth Ã.invasive growth Ä.infiltrating growth 514.Highlight the wrong position in the characteristic of cavernous hemangioma of the liver: +À.metastases hematogenously Á.has tissue atypism Â.built from venous vessels Ã.mature cells Ä.often asymptomatic 515.Benign tumors of fibrous tissue include +À.fibroma +Á.desmoid Â.adenoma Ã.lipoma Ä.sarcoma 516.The most common localization of melanoma is: +À.skin Á.the oral cavity Â.into the eye Ã.lungs Ä.rectum 517.Highlight the wrong position in the characteristic of melanoma: +À.grows expansively Á.malignant Â.may be pigmentless Ã.metastasizes Ä.recurs 518.Immature mesenchymal tumors are usually characterized by: +À.invasive growth +Á.infiltrating growth +Â.rapid growth Ã.expansive growth Ä.slow growth 519.Highlight the tumor with the highest degree of malignancy: +À.hemangiosarcoma Á.hemangioma Â.liposarcoma Ã.desmoid Ä.differentiated fibrosarcoma 520.A sarcoma is an immature tumor that develops from: +À.tissues derived from mesenchyme Á.epithelium Â.hematopoietic tissue Ã.lymphatic tissue Ä.fibrous tissue 521.An immature tumor developing from blood vessels: +À.hemangiosarcoma Á.hemangioma Â.lymphangioma Ã.lymphangiosarcoma Ä.histiocytoma 522.An immature tumor developing from tissues of mesenchyme derivatives is: +À.sarcoma Á. adenoma Â.cancer Ã.papilloma Ä.carcinoma 523.A mature benign tumor developing from fibrous tissue is: +À.fibroma Á.adenoma Â.papilloma Ã.carcinoma 524.A mature tumor developing from blood vessels is: +À.hemangioma Á.lymphangioma Â.carcinosarcoma Ã.mesenchymoma Ä.hemangiosarcoma 525.The following applies to the manifestation of tissue atypism of the tumor: +À.the wrong ratio of cells and fibers Á.a diverse form of cells Â.the diverse size of cell nuclei Ã.a diverse form of cell nuclei Ä.violation of the structure of cells 526.Highlight the name of the tumor growth option in relation to the surrounding tissues: +À.infiltrative Á.uncentric Â.endophytic Ã.implantation Ä.exophytic 527.Highlight the name of the type of tumor growth in relation to the lumen of a hollow organ: +À.exophytic Á.uncentric Â.multicentric Ã.infiltrative Ä.appositional 528.Highlight tumors that metastasize: +À.osteoblastic sarcoma +Á.osteolytic sarcoma +Â.angiosarcoma Ã.fibroma Ä.enchondroma 529.What is the path of metastasis: +À.lymphogenous Á.uncentric Â.infiltrative Ã.multicentric Ä.appositional 530.Serous membranes can be a source of development: +À.mesothelioma Á.basal cell carcinoma Â.osteosarcomas Ã.meningiomas Ä.synoviomas 531.What is the path of metastasis: +À.implantation Á.appositional Â.infiltrative Ã.locally destructive Ä.expansive 532.Highlight the name of the type of tumor growth in relation to the lumen of the hollow organ: +À.endophytic Á.uncentric Â.multicentric Ã.infiltrative Ä.appositional 533.What principle underlies the unified international classification of tumors? +À.histogenetic Á.anatomical Â.histochemical Ã.topographic Ä.antigenic 534.Tumors of the peripheral nervous system develop from: +À.lemmocytes +Á.Schwann cells Â.paraganglia Ã.sympathy Ä.ganglioneurocytes 535.The type of tumor growth in relation to surrounding tissues is: +À.expansive Á.exophytic Â.uncentric Ã.endophytic Ä.multicentric 536.The type of tumor growth relative to the lumen of the organ is: +À.exophytic Á.expansive Â.multicentric Ã.infiltrative Ä.uncentric 537.What are the immature tumors of mesenchymal origin: +À.sarcoma Á.fibroma Â.lipoma Ã.leiomyoma Ä.cancer 538.Unlike cancer, sarcomas are characterized by: +À.predominantly hematogenous metastasis +Á.mesenchymal origin Â.predominantly lymphogenous metastasis Ã.recurrence Ä.epithelial origin 539.The main structural component of a tumor is: +À.parenchyma Á.stroma Â.necrosis Ã.hemorrhages Ä.blood vessels 540.Highlight the wrong position in the characteristic of a benign tumor: +À.has a general effect on the body Á.differentiated tumor cells Â.does not recur Ã.expansive growth Ä.does not metastasize 541.Highlight the wrong position in the characteristic of a malignant tumor: +À.does not recur Á.tumor cells undifferentiated Â.metastasizes Ã.infiltrative growth Ä.has a general effect on the body 542.What is the reason for humoral immunity? +À.antibodies Á.immune complexes Â.macrophages Ã.complement system Ä.T- and B-lymphocytes 543.What causes cellular immunity? +À.T- and B-lymphocytes Á.immune complexes Â.antibodies Ã.macrophages Ä.complement system 544.What should be attributed to the pathological condition of the immune system? +À.all listed Á.hypersensitivity reactions Â.autoimmune diseases Ã.immunodeficiency syndromes Ä.amyloidosis 545.Immune tissue damage is: +À.hypersensitivity reactions Á.apoptosis Â.autolysis Ã.inflammation Ä.phagocytosis 546.A manifestation of a systemic reaction of type I hypersensitivity (immediate type hypersensitivity) is: +À.anaphylactic shock Á.DIC Â.swelling Ã.common vasculitis Ä.hemorrhagic syndrome 547.What is the synonym for type IV hypersensitivity reactions: +À.delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions Á.phagocytosis Â.necrosis Ã.anaphylaxis Ä.apoptosis 548.The disease in which the classical delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction develops is: +À.tuberculosis Á.flu Â.scleroderma Ã.typhoid fever Ä.HIV infection 549.What morphological type of inflammation is characteristic of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions: +À.granulomatous Á.purulent Â.intermediate Ã.fibrinous Ä.catarrhal 550.What is the essence of autoimmune diseases? +À.the development of immune responses against their own antigens Á.the development of immunological tolerance Â.genetically determined immunodeficiency Ã.violation of the structure of HLA antigens Ä.the accumulation in cells and tissues of unusual metabolic products 551.Addison-Birmer Anemia is characterized by: +À.endogenous deficiency of vitamin B-12 and / or folic acid +Á.general hemosiderosis +Â.megaloblastic type of hematopoiesis Ã.isolated hemosiderosis of the lungs Ä.hyperproduction of gastromucoprotein 552.For hemolytic anemia due to extravascular hemolysis, a triad is characteristic: +À.anemia +Á.splenomegaly +Â.jaundice Ã.hepatomegaly Ä.hyperemia 553.The following types of erythropoiesis are distinguished: +À.erythroblastic +Á.megaloblastic +Â.normoblastic Ã.myeloblastic Ä.hematopoietic 554.The development of iron deficiency anemia may be due to: +À.insufficient intake of iron with food +Á.the consequences of resection of the stomach or intestines +Â.an increased request of the pregnant woman’s body in the gland Ã.excessive resorption of iron in the intestine Ä.appendectomy 555.Vitamin B-12 - folic acid deficiency anemia is characterized by: +À.perverse erythropoiesis +Á.the development of hyperchromic anemia +Â.inhibition of the function of the additional cells of the fundus of the stomach Ã.enhanced hematopoiesis Ä.the development of hypochromic anemia 556.Depending on the reasons, the following types of hemolytic anemia are distinguished: +À.toxic +Á.infectious +Â.post-transfusion Ã.pernicious Ä.vitamin B-12 deficient 557.According to the morphological and functional state of the red bone marrow, the following anemias are distinguished: +À.hyporegenerative +Á.aplastic +Â.dysplastic Ã.acute Ä.hyperregenerative 558.Hereditary inferiority of the fundic glands of the stomach can lead to the development of: +À.malignant anemia +Á.Addison-Birmer disease +Â.pernicious anemia Ã.posthemorrhagic anemia Ä.hemolytic anemia 559.Post-hemorrhagic anemia with the course can be: +À.sharp +Á.chronic Â.intravascular Ã.extravascular Ä.Vitamin B-12 deficient 560.Anemia that develops with leukemia is called: +À.leukoanemia +Á.anemia due to the displacement of erythron by tumor cells Â.aleukemic Ã.leukopenic Ä.hemolytic 561.The cause of hemolytic anemia, caused mainly by intravascular hemolysis of red blood cells, may be: +À.hemolytic poisons +Á.extensive burns +Â.blood transfusion, incompatible in the ABO system Ã.Rh incompatible blood transfusion Ä.neurotoxic poisons 562.Classify anemia depending on the etiology and pathogenesis: +À.posthemorrhagic +Á.hemolytic +Â.anemia due to impaired blood formation Ã.adaptation Ä.post-transfusion 563.Pernicious anemia is: +À.Addison-Birmer disease Á.Addison's disease Â.acute posthemorrhagic anemia Ã.chronic posthemorrhagic anemia Ä.hemolytic anemia 564.Acute posthemorrhagic anemia is most often caused by: +À.corroding branches of the pulmonary artery with tuberculosis +Á.rupture of the wall of the aortic aneurysm +Â.rupture of the tube during ectopic pregnancy Ã.damage to the veins of the lower extremities Ä.tooth extraction 565.The most complete picture of the condition of the hematopoietic system can be obtained by studying: +À.puncture of red bone marrow Á.the composition of peripheral blood Â.punctate of the liver Ã.puncture of the lymph node Ä.puncture of the spleen 566.After heavy, but not fatal blood loss, the following changes occur: +À.the bone marrow of the long bones becomes red +Á.in the peripheral blood, nucleated red blood cells may appear Â.the bone marrow of the long bones becomes yellow Ã.there is a megaloblastic type of hematopoiesis Ä.foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis appear 567.Vitamin B-12 - folic acid deficiency anemia is: +À.megaloblastic anemia +Á.hyperchromic anemia Â.posthemorrhagic anemia Ã.leukoanemia Ä.hypochromic anemia 568.Hemolytic anemia, caused mainly by extravascular hemolysis, is divided into: +À.erythrocytopathy +Á.hemoglobinopathies +Â.erythrocytofermentopathy Ã.thrombocytopathy Ä.leukocytopathy 569.Post-hemorrhagic anemia with the course can be: +À.sharp. +Á.chronic Â.intravascular Ã.extravascular Ä.benign and malignant 570.What are anemia caused by impaired blood formation: +À.scarce +Á.hypoplastic +Â.aplastic Ã.posthemorrhagic Ä.hemolytic 571.The development of deficient anemia may be associated with a lack of: +À.iron +Á.vitamin B-12 +Â.folic acid Ã.vitamin B-1 Ä.hydrochloric acid 572.According to the nature of the course of anemia, they are divided into: +À.sharp +Á.chronic Â.hyporegenerative Ã.hypoplastic Ä.dysplastic 573.Depending on the cause, the following types of hemolytic anemia are distinguished: +À.toxic +Á.infectious +Â.post-transfusion Ã.pernicious Ä.vitamin B-12 deficiency 574.The cause of anemia can be: +À.blood loss +Á.insufficient erythropoietic bone marrow function +Â.intravascular hemolysis +Ã.extravascular hemolysis Ä.normopoietic function of bone marrow 575.In accordance with the morphological and functional state of the red bone marrow, anemia can be divided into: +À.aplastic +Á.hyporegenerative +Â.dysplastic Ã.hemolytic Ä.posthemorrhagic 576.Vitamin B-12 folate deficiency anemia is accompanied by: +À.perverse erythropoiesis +Á.the development of hyperchromic anemia +Â.Gunther glossitis Ã.leukocytosis Ä.leukemic failure 577.Posthemorrhagic anemia can be: +À.sharp +Á.chronic Â.intravascular Ã.extravascular Ä.subacute 578.Iron deficiency anemia most often develops: +À.after resection of the stomach +Á.after bowel resection Â.after tooth extraction Ã.after mastectomy Ä.after nephrectomy 579.Aplastic anemias include: +À.radiation +Á.toxic +Â.medication Ã.pernicious Ä.chronic posthemorrhagic 580.The most complete picture of the condition of the hematopoietic system can be obtained by studying: +À.bone marrow punctate Á.biochemical blood test Â.punctate of the liver Ã.puncture of the lymph node Ä.medical history 581.The cause of hemolytic anemia, caused mainly by intravascular hemolysis of red blood cells, may be: +À.sepsis +Á.extensive burns +Â.transfusion of blood that is not compatible with the ABO system +Ã.Rh incompatible blood transfusion Ä.neurotoxic poisons 582.The development of iron deficiency anemia may be due to: +À.insufficient intake of iron with food +Á.transferred by resection of the stomach or intestines +Â.pregnancy Ã.hemosiderosis of the lungs Ä.hemolysis of red blood cells 583.Hemolytic anemia caused mainly by extravascular hemolysis is divided into: +À.erythrocytopathy +Á.hemoglobinopathies +Â.erythrocytofermentopathy Ã.leukoanemia Ä.thrombocytopathy 584.Hypo- and aplastic anemia can occur with: +À.Àreplacement of red bone marrow with leukemic cells +Á.skeletal bone cancer metastases +Â.intoxication with barbiturates Ã.cancer metastases to the lymph nodes Ä.rupture of an aortic aneurysm 585.Highlight options for lymphogranulomatosis: +À.lymphohistiocytic +Á.mixed cell Â.immunoblastic Ã.eosinophilic cell Ä.mushroom mycosis 586.Note the form of leukemia, which is characterized by a combination of staged clinical course, blast crisis in the finale, pyoid bone marrow, a sharp increase in the mass of the spleen and liver, diffuse leukemic infiltration in the liver along sinusoids: +À.chronic myelogenous leukemia Á.chronic lymphocytic leukemia Â.acute erythromyeloblastic leukemia Ã.acute lymphoblastic leukemia Ä.chronic erythromyelosis 587.Note leukemia arising from cells precursors of lymphopoiesis: +À.lymphoblastic leukemia +Á.plasmoblastic leukemia +Â.chronic lymphocytic leukemia +Ã.paraproteinemic hemoblastosis Ä.chronic myelosis 588.Given the number of leukocytes and leukemia cells in the blood, the following types of leukemia are distinguished: +À.leukemic +Á.subleukemic +Â.leukopenic Ã.leukocyte Ä.lymphopenic 589.Leukemia is characterized by: +À.immunological defenselessness +Á.leukoanemia +Â.neuroleukemia +Ã.frequent septic processes Ä.regional tumor processes in the hematopoietic tissue 590.Mark malignant lymphomas: +À.fungoid mycosis +Á.Burkitt's tumor +Â.Hodgkin's disease Ã.myeloid leukemia Ä.undifferentiated leukemia 591.Chronic leukemia is: +À.“cytric” forms of leukemia +Á.leukemia from cells of the 5th class of hematopoiesis Â.blast forms of leukemia Ã.leukemia from the cells of the first three classes of hematopoiesis Ä.leukemia from cells of the 4th class of hematopoiesis 592.Undifferentiated leukemia due to tumor proliferation: +À.class 1 hematopoietic cells +Á.hematopoietic cells of class 2 +Â.class 3 hematopoietic cells Ã.hematopoietic cells of class 4 Ä.hematopoiesis 593.Malignant lymphomas include: +À.lymphosarcoma +Á.Hodgkin's disease +Â.reticulosarcoma Ã.lymphocytic leukemia Ä.myeloma 594.Highlight systemic tumor diseases of the hematopoietic tissue: +À.hemoblastosis +Á.leukemia Â.malignant lymphomas Ã.leukoderma Ä.regional tumor diseases of the hematopoietic tissue 595.Hodgkin's disease is: +À.lymphogranulomatosis Á.skin lymphomatosis Â.lymphosarcoma Ã.reticulosarcoma Ä.chronic lymphocytic leukemia 596.Malignant lymphomas include: +À.lymphogranulomatosis +Á.lymphosarcoma Â.chronic lymphocytic leukemia Ã.acute lymphocytic leukemia Ä.chronic lymphadenitis 597.According to the classification, the following forms of chronic leukemia are distinguished: +À.leukemia of lymphocytic origin +Á.leukemia of monocytic origin Â.leukemia of myelocytic origin Ã.undifferentiated leukemia Ä.leukemia of lymphoblastic origin 598.Chronic leukemia of lymphocytic origin include: +À.chronic lymphocytic leukemia +Á.paraproteinemic leukemia Â.chronic myeloid leukemia Ã.true polycythemia Ä.histiocytosis 599.Depending on the degree of maturity of the tumor blood cells, leukemia is distinguished: +À.sharp +Á.chronic Â.leukopenic Ã.aleukemic Ä.leukemic 600.In acute myeloid leukemia is observed: +À.leukemic failure +Á.pyoid bone marrow +Â.pronounced hemorrhagic syndrome Ã.the presence in the hemogram of all cellular forms of myelopoiesis Ä.the safety of immunological homeostasis 601.For chronic myeloid leukemia are characteristic: +À.monoclonal (benign) stage of the disease +Á.polyclone (malignant) stage of disease +Â.frequent infectious diseases Ã.the absence of signs of tumor progression Ä.leukemic failure 602.Lymphogranulomatosis is: +À.Hodgkin's lymphoma Á.non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Â.Brill-Simmers disease Ã.di-Guglielmo disease Ä.Cesari's disease 603.Describe chronic lymphocytic leukemia: +À.usually found in middle-aged and elderly +Á.develops from the B-system of lymphopoiesis +Â.a relatively long benign course is characteristic Ã.commonly found in children Ä.develops from the T-system of lymphopoiesis 604.For chronic myeloid leukemia are characteristic: +À.a sharp increase in the spleen and liver +Á.the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome +Â.diffuse liver infiltration by leukemia cells Ã.porphyry spleen Ä.periportal location of leukemic infiltrates 605.Note options for diffuse lymphosarcoma: +À.lymphoblastic +Á.immunoblastic Â.giant cell Ã.monoblastic Ä.lymphohistiocytic 606.Note the options for lymphogranulomatosis: +À.variant with a predominance of lymphocytes +Á.nodular sclerosis +Â.mixed cell variant +Ã.Hodgkin's sarcoma Ä.skin lymphomatosis 607.Depending on the degree of differentiation of leukemia cells and the nature of the course of leukemia, they are divided into: +À.acute +Á.chronic Â.subacute Ã.subchronic 608.What are valvular rheumatic endocarditis: +À.acute warty +Á.diffuse endocarditis +Â.valvulitis +Ã.back-warty Ä.polypous ulcerative 609.The following clinical anatomical forms of rheumatism are distinguished: +À.cardiovascular +Á.polyarthritic +Â.cerebral +Ã.nodose Ä.renal 610.A group of connective tissue diseases with immune disorders include: +À.systemic lupus erythematosus +Á.periarteritis nodosa +Â.dermatomyositis Ã.obliterating izdoarteritis Ä.Lerish syndrome 611.In serous membranes with rheumatism develops: +À.croupous inflammation +Á.serous-fibrinous inflammation Â.purulent inflammation Ã.ichorotic inflammation Ä.hemorrhagic inflammation 612.What clinical anatomical form of rheumatism does minor chorea belong to? +À.erebral Á.a.rticular Â.cardiovascular Ã.polyarthritic Ä.nodose 613.What endocarditis causes thromboembolic complications? +À.acute warty +Á.back and warty +Â.valvulitis Ã.diffuse Ä.fibroplastic 614.What are the clinical and anatomical forms of rheumatism: +À.nodose +Á.knotty +Â.cardiovascular Ã.renal Ä.visceral 615.Fibrinoid changes are characterized by: +À.damage to the fibrous structures of collagen +.homogenization of collagen fibers +Â.the irreversibility of the process Ã.superficial disorganization of connective tissue Ä.the reversibility of the process 616.The most common causes of death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are: +À.renal failure +Á.infectious diseases Â.liver failure Ã.cerebral hemorrhages Ä.acute respiratory failure 617.Recurrent-warty endocarditis is characteristic of: +À.rheumatism Á.protracted septic endocarditis Â.sepsis Ã.systemic lupus erythematosus Ä.scarlet fever 618.At the final stage of rheumatic granuloma formation, the following are characteristic: +À.the predominance of fibroblasts +Á.collagen fibers Â.predominance of neutrophils Ã.the presence of fibrinoid Ä.mucoid swelling 619.Combined heart disease is: +À.stenosis and mitral valve insufficiency +Á.stenosis and aortic valve insufficiency Â.mitral stenosis and aortic valve insufficiency Ã.malformation of bicuspid and tricuspid valves Ä.mitral insufficiency and aortic valve stenosis 620.The outcome of rheumatic endocarditis in the valve can be found: +À.the organization of thrombotic masses +Á.valve deformation +Â.sclerosis +Ã.petrification Ä.microbial colonies 621.Which organ is always affected by rheumatism: +À.heart Á.kidney Â.skin Ã.the brain Ä.lungs 622.A reliable diagnostic sign of systemic lupus erythematosus is the detection in the blood or organs: +À.lupus cells Á.plasma cells Â.Mikulich cells Ã.epithelioid cells Ä.Pirogov-Langhans cells 623.For decompensated heart disease are characteristic: +À.eccentric myocardial hypertrophy +Á.anasarca +Â.cyanotic induction of the kidneys Ã.concentric myocardial hypertrophy Ä.spleen hemomelanosis 624.What rheumatic endocarditis does the valve endothelium damage? +À.valvulitis Á.acute warty Â.return-warty Ã.acute ulcerative Ä.polypous ulcerative 625.What can be rheumatic endocarditis depending on localization? +À.valve +Á.chordal +Â.parietal Ã.diffuse Ä.fibrinous 626.What is the characteristic morphological change in the kidneys with systemic lupus erythematosus: +À.lupus nephritis Á.fibroplastic nephritis Â.lipoid nephrosis Ã.extracapillary glomerulonephritis Ä.pyelonephritis 627.Recently, an increase in the incidence of rheumatism has been noted: +À.adults Á.in infants Â.newborns Ã.adolescents Ä.young men 628.Rheumatic myocarditis is: +À.nodular productive +Á.diffuse interstitial exudative +Â.focal interstitial interstitial Ã.diffuse productive Ä.focal alternative 629.Fibroplastic endocarditis is characterized by: +À.valve sclerosis +Á.the productive nature of inflammation in the valve Â.the formation of ulcers on the valve Ã.the presence of thrombotic overlaps on the valve Ä.the abundance of leukocytes in the stroma of the valve 630.What are the diseases that relate to systemic diseases of the connective tissue: +À.Sokolsky-Buyo disease +Á.ankylosing spondylitis +Â.rheumatism +Ã.dermatomyositis Ä.atherosclerosis 631.What are the types of rheumatic valvular endocarditis: +À.acute warty +Á.fibroplastic +Â.back-warty Ã.polypous ulcerative Ä.acute ulcerative 632.In the development of rheumatism, the main role is played by: +À.B-hemolytic group A streptococcus Á.diplococcus Â.staphylococcus Ã.pneumococcus Ä.viruses 633.With systemic lupus erythematosus, mainly affected: +À.skin +Á.vessels +Â.kidneys Ã.heart Ä.heart 634.In connection with atherosclerosis of the mesenteric arteries in the small intestine, the following can develop: +À.wet gangrene +Á.hemorrhagic heart attack Â.white heart attack Ã.a white heart attack with a hemorrhagic nimbus Ä.chronic venous plethora 635.Indicate the stage of development of myocardial infarction: +À.necrotic +Á.organizations Â.hemorrhagic Ã.swollen Ä.vascularization 636.Atherosclerosis is often sick: +À.city dwellers +Á.persons of intellectual labor Â.villagers Ã.persons of physical labor Ä.alcoholics 637.In acute occlusion of the arteries of the heart is observed: +À.myocardial infarction Á.myocardial gangrene Â.brown myocardial atrophy Ã.myocardial hypertrophy Ä.myocardial obesity 638.Which of the following factors are important in the development of atherosclerosis? +À.hypercholesterolemia +Á.hypertension +Â.hypoglycemia Ã.hypercalcemia Ä.hyperlipidemia 639.The manifestations of atherosclerosis include: +À.calcification +Á.fat spots and strips +Â.fibrous plaques Ã.metaplasia Ä.amyloidosis 640.For fibrous plaques, in contrast to fat spots, are characteristic: +À.plaques rise above the surface of intimacy +Á.are white Â.plaques are at the level of intimacy Ã.have a yellow color Ä.ulceration of plaques is determined 641.In the aorta, the stage of liposclerosis is noted: +À.pronounced atherocalcinosis +Á.destruction of elastic and argyrophilic membranes Â.the formation of atheromatous masses Ã.ulceration of the plaque Ä.pronounced aortic stenosis 642.Specify the forms of aortic aneurysms: +À.cylindrical +Á.baggy +Â.herniform Ã.bulbous Ä.pear-shaped 643.The following stages are distinguished in the development of myocardial infarction: +À.necrotic +Á.organizations Â.exudative Ã.recurrent Ä.myomalacia 644.Determine the stages of atherosclerosis the are accompanied by accumulation of lime in plaques: +À.ulceration +Á.atheromatosis +Â.liposclerosis Ã.dolipid Ä.lipoidosis 645.The size of myocardial infarction is determined by: +À.the degree of stenosing atherosclerosis +Á.the possibility of collateral circulation +Â.myocardial functional tension Ã.the level of closure of the arterial trunk Ä.the age of the patient 646.Note the two most frequent localizations of cerebral hemorrhages with arterial hypertension: +À.cerebellum Á.subcortical nodes Â.bark Ã.medulla oblongata Ä.the legs of the brain 647.Indicate the morphological signs of a hypertensive crisis: +À.corrugation and destruction of the basement membrane of the endothelium Á.plasma impregnation of arterioles Â.the location of the endothelium in the form of a stockade Ã.elastofibrosis of arteries Ä.hyalinosis of arterioles 648.What kind of myocardial infarction can develop pericarditis: +À.subepicardial Á.transmural Â.subendocardial Ã.ventricular Ä.subventricular 649.What are the organs whose diseases often develop symptomatic hypertension: +À.kidneys Á.pituitary gland Â.the brain Ã.liver Ä.lungs 650.Note the three most frequent localizations of cerebral hemorrhages in arterial hypertension: +À.visual tubercle Á.cerebellum Â.subcortical nodes Ã.bark Ä.the legs of the brain 651.With coronary artery thrombosis in the myocardium is observed: +À.heart attack Á.gangrene Â.brown atrophy Ã.hemosiderosis Ä.obesity 652.Symptomatic hypertension is observed with: +À.kidney disease +Á.diseases of the central nervous system +Â.vascular disease Ã.respiratory diseases Ä.liver diseases 653.At what myocardial infarction the development of fibrinous pericarditis is possible: +À.transmural +Á.subepicardial Â.subendocardial Ã.nodular Ä.step 654.Indicate the factors that are directly involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension: +À.humoral +Á.reflex Â.morphological Ã.dysontogenetic Ä.allergic 655.Mark the stages of arterial hypertension: +À.preclinical +Á.stage of common changes in arteries +Â.functional Ã.ischemic Ä.necrotic 656.Identify the pathological processes that can develop in the myocardium with arterial hypertension: +À.heart attack +Á.myomalacia Â.gangrene Ã.decubital necrosis Ä.vicar hypertrophy 657.What changes in the myocardium are found in stage 1 arterial hypertension: +À.hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes +Á.myocardial stromal hyperplasia Â.heart attack Ã.myocardial atrophy Ä.fatty degeneration of myocytes 658.At what kind of myocardial infarction and at what stage is it possible to develop a parietal thrombus in the heart: +À.subendocardial infarction +Á.transmural infarction +Â.in the necrotic stage of a heart attack Ã.subepicardial infarction Ä.in the ischemic stage of a heart attack 659.Indicate the "severe triad" of diseases of modern man: +À.essential hypertension +Á.atherosclerosis +Â.coronary heart disease Ã.myocarditis Ä.rheumatism 660.Acute inflammatory lung diseases include: +À.pleuropneumonia +Á.interstitial pneumonia +Â.bronchopneumonia Ã.croupous pneumonia Ä.acute pulmonary emphysema 661.Indicate synonyms for croupous pneumonia: +À.pleuropneumonia +Á.lobar pneumonia Â.interstitial pneumonia Ã.bronchopneumonia Ä.peribronchial pneumonia 662.Bronchopneumonia, depending on the size of the foci, can be: +À.lobular +Á.miliary +Â.segmental Ã.shared Ä.acinar 663.Mark the forms of interstitial pneumonia: +À.peribronchial +Á.interlobular +Â.interalveolar Ã.bronchopneumonia Ä.croupous 664.The causative agents of croupous pneumonia are: +À.pneumococci +Á.Friedlander wand Â.streptococci Ã.staphylococci Ä.E. coli 665.Extrapulmonary complications of croupous pneumonia include: +À.purulent pericarditis +Á.purulent meningitis Â.pleural empyema Ã.true croup Ä.carnification 666.Mark the stages of croupous pneumonia according to Zinserling: +À.microbial edema +Á.stage of custody +Â.stage of leukocyte infiltration Ã.the stage of the tide Ä.stage of carnification 667.Complications of croupous pneumonia include: +À.carnification +Á.pulmonary heart failure Â.fibrinous pleurisy Ã.malignancy Ä.brown induction 668.In accordance with the size of the foci of inflammation, focal pneumonia can be: +À.miliary +Á.acinous Â.microbial Ã.uremic Ä.shared 669.Specify the forms of interstitial pneumonia: +À.interlobular +Á.interalveolar Â.focal pneumonia Ã.pleuropneumonia Ä.peritracheal 670.Specify the nature of inflammation in the first stage of croupous pneumonia: +À.serous Á.purulent Â.purulent hemorrhagic Ã.fibrinous Ä.croupous 671.The term "carnification" means: +À.the organization of exudate Á.purulent-fibrinous inflammation in the pleura and lungs Â.the formation of bronchiectasis Ã.brown lung induction Ä.acute destructive process in the lungs 672.Note the synonyms of bronchopneumonia: +À.focal pneumonia Á.pleuropneumonia Â.lobar pneumonia Ã.croupous pneumonia 673.Specify the variants of hepatitis with croupous pneumonia according to V.D. Zinserling: +À.red hepatization +Á.gray hepatization Â.yellow hepatization Ã.central Ä.peripheral 674.The stages of croupous pneumonia include: +À.microbial edema +Á.leukocyte infiltration +Â.guardianship Ã.cerebral swelling Ä.carnification 675.The causes of bronchopneumonia may be: +À.physical factors +Á.chemical factors +Â.viruses +Ã.microbial agents Ä.physiological regeneration of the epithelium of the bronchi and alveoli 676.Anthracosis of the lungs can be complicated: +À.bronchopneumonia +Á.lung abscess +Â.lung gangrene Ã.pleuropneumonia Ä.pulmonary infarction 677.Characterize basal cancer: +À.is more common peripheral +Á.the histological structure is often squamous Â.is less common peripheral Ã.the histological structure is often glandular Ä.develops from the epithelium of the trachea 678.In the lungs with chronic pneumonia, the following are detected: +À.carnification +Á.bronchiectasis +Â.panbronchitis Ã.myomalacia Ä.mummification 679.The following types of emphysema are distinguished: +À.chronic focal +Á.primary panacinar +Â.interim Ã.endobronchial Ä.polypous 680.Specify the microscopic types of lung cancer: +À.glandular +Á.squamous +Â.adenocarcinoma Ã.hypernephroid Ä.basal cell 681.Basal exophytic lung cancer is often accompanied by: +À.lung atelectasis +Á.the development of bronchiectasis +Â.the development of lung abscess Ã.lung collapse Ä.lobar pneumonia 682.By the nature of the exudate, pleurisy can be: +À.serous +Á.fibrinous +Â.purulent +Ã.hemorrhagic Ä.catarrhal 683.The following complications are characteristic of endophytic central lung cancer: +À.pleurisy +Á.pericarditis Â.lung collapse Ã.lung anthracosis Ä.paranephritis 684.A microscopic examination of the bronchial wall in chronic bronchitis reveals: +À.atrophy of the muscle layer +Á.epidermal epithelial metaplasia +Â.the formation of polyps Ã.the disappearance of goblet cells Ä.the formation of genital warts 685.Indicate the two most common causes of death in silicosis: +À.pulmonary heart disease +Á.the accession of tuberculosis Â.uremia Ã.cerebral hemorrhage Ä.primary pulmonary hypertension 686.The following types of emphysema are distinguished: +À.vicar +Á.interim +Â.idiopathic panacinar Ã.atelectatic Ä.deforming 687.According to morphological characteristics, the following forms of chronic bronchitis are distinguished: +À.deforming +Á.polypous Â.knobby Ã.plaque-like Ä.branched 688.Germination of stomach cancer into the portal of the liver with compression of the portal vein leads to: +À.portal hypertension +Á.ascites Â.nutmeg liver Ã.jaundice Ä.muscular cirrhosis of the liver 689.Kruckenberg cancer is a retrograde lymphogenous metastasis of the gastric mucosa in: +À.ovaries Á.supraclavicular lymph nodes Â.lymph nodes of pararectal fiber Ã.the liver Ä.the pancreas 690.In acute appendicitis, a histological examination reveals: +À.hemorrhages in the wall +Á.edema +Â.leukodiapadesis Ã.sclerosis of the process wall Ä.obliteration of the lumen of the appendix 691.For phlegmonous appendicitis is characteristic: +À.diffuse leukocyte wall infiltration +Á.accumulation in the lumen of pus Â.obliteration of the proximal Ã.the implementation of the process of mucus Ä.extensive necrosis in the appendix 692.Specify the type of edge of the ulcer facing the esophagus: +À.somewhat undermined +Á.the mucous membrane hangs over the ulcer Â.gentle Ã.has the form of a terrace Ä.step 693.The ulcer-destructive group of complications of gastric ulcer include: +À.penetration +Á.perforation +Â.bleeding Ã.malignancy Ä.pyloric stenosis 694.Pyloric stenosis is characterized by the development of: +À.cachexia +Á.gastric tetany Â.vomit the color of coffee grounds Ã.tarry stool Ä.obesity 695.The metastases of gastric cancer in the lymph nodes of pararectal fiber are: +À.retrograde lymphogenous +Á."Schnitzler" metastases Â.orthograde lymphogenous Ã."virkhovsky" metastases Ä."Kruckenberg" metastases 696.Are there destructive forms of appendicitis? +À.phlegmonous +Á.gangrenous +Â.phlegmonous ulcerative Ã.sharp simple Ä.sharp surface 697.Chronic gastric ulcer is most often localized in: +À.antrum +Á.the pyloric department Â.cardiac department Ã.subcardial division Ä.fundal department 698.Diffuse gastric cancer is usually represented by: +À.undifferentiated forms of cancer +Á.fibrous cancer +Â.cricoid cell carcinoma Ã.adenocarcinoma Ä.differentiated forms of cancer 699.Complications of stomach cancer include: +À.bleeding +Á.cachexia +Â.perforation of the wall of the stomach Ã.mucocele Ä.penetration 700.The peak of the stage of yellow dystrophy of progressive massive liver necrosis is manifested by: +À.sagging organ and wrinkled capsules +Á.fatty degeneration and necrobiosis of hepatocytes in the center of the lobules Â.compaction of the liver Ã.a sharp expansion and plethora of sinusoids Ä.an increase in body volume 701.During cirrhosis of the liver, the following occurs: +À.portal hypertension +Á.the development of intrahepatic portocaval anastomoses +Â.the development of extrahepatic portocaval anastomoses +Ã.the development of ascites Ä.flabbiness of the liver 702.What are the clinical and morphological forms of viral hepatitis: +À.hepatitis with massive liver necrosis +Á.chronic form +Â.cholangiostatic and cholangiolytic Ã.cyclic anicteric form Ä.hepatosplenomegaly 703.According to morphogenesis, cirrhosis is distinguished: +À.post-necrotic +Á.portal +Â.biliary Ã.necrotic Ä.alcohol 704.Liver steatosis is characterized by: +À.fatty degeneration of hepatocytes Á.protein dystrophy of hepatocytes Â.mineral degeneration of hepatocytes Ã.hemosiderosis of the liver Ä.glycogen hepatocyte infiltration 705.Epidemic hepatitis is characterized by: +À.fecal-oral route of transmission +Á.short incubation period +Â.alimentary transmission Ã.injection route of transmission Ä.long incubation period 706.The outcome of viral hepatitis can be: +À.complete restoration of the structure to chronic +Á.the transition of acute hepatitis to chronic +Â.liver cirrhosis Ã.transition to hepatosis Ä.liver amyloidosis 707.Depending on the nature of the course, hepatitis happens: +À.acute +Á.chronic Â.subacute Ã.lingering Ä.terminal 708.What are two factors that most often lead to post-necrotic cirrhosis: +À.toxic liver dystrophy +Á.viral hepatitis Â.parasitic hepatitis Ã.alcoholic hepatitis Ä.bacterial hepatitis 709.Portal cirrhosis is usually the ending: +À.chronic hepatitis +Á.fatty hepatosis Â.portal hypertension Ã.liver glycogenosis Ä.toxic liver dystrophy 710.Type A viral hepatitis is characterized by: +À.fecal-oral transmission +Á.incubation period of 15-45 days Â.percutaneous transmission Ã.the development of the disease after injection Ä.the incubation period of 25-180 days 711.Glomerulopathies include: +À.glomerulonephritis Á.myeloma kidney Â.tubular fermentopathies Ã.polycystic kidney disease Ä.renal stone disease 712.Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by: +À.proteinuria +Á.hyperlipidemia +Â.edema Ã.physical inactivity Ä.jaundice 713.The main etiological factor of glomerulonephritis is: +À.B-hemolytic streptococcus Á.hepatotropic virus A Â.hepatotropic virus B Ã.meningococcus Ä.pneumococcus 714.Extracapillary glomerulonephritis is: +À.serous +Á.fibrinous +Â.hemorrhagic Ã.intracapillary Ä.parietal 715.Depending on the nature of the course, glomerulonephritis is: +À.subacute +Á.acute Â.antibody Ã.bacterial Ä.abacterial 716.Local factors of stone formation in kidney stone disease include: +À.urinary stasis +Á.inflammatory processes in the urinary tract Â.acquired disorders of mineral metabolism Ã.congenital disorders of mineral metabolism Ä.nephrosclerosis 717.A "thyroid" kidney is formed as a result of: +À.chronic pyelonephritis Á.renal amyloidosis Â.bazedova goiter Ã.acute pyelonephritis Ä.extracapillary glomerulonephritis 718.For chronic glomerulonephritis is characteristic: +À.econdary shriveled kidneys Á.coarse surface of the kidneys Â.primary shriveled kidneys Ã.a large greasy kidney Ä.large mottled kidney 719.What are the complications of acute renal failure: +À.total necrosis of the cortical layer of the kidney Á.renal amyloidosis Â.kidney cancer Ã.glomerulonephritis Ä.nephrolithiasis 720.What are the renal symptoms of glomerulonephritis: +À.hematuria +Á.proteinuria Â.arterial hypertension Ã.dysproteinemia Ä.swelling 721.A large lardaceous kidney is observed with: +À.renal amyloidosis Á.acute glomerulonephritis Â.acute renal failure Ã.acute glomerulonephritis Ä.chronic glomerulonephritis 722.What are the stages of renal amyloidosis: +À.proteinuric +Á.nephrotic Â.ischemic Ã.dystrophic Ä.necrotic 723.For extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis is characteristic: +À.glomerular capsule damage +Á.proliferation of nephrothelium +Â.proliferation of podocytes Ã.the primary lesion of the glomerular capillaries Ä.profuse leukocyte infiltration in the glomerulus 724."Motley kidney" is observed with: +À.acute glomerulonephritis Á.arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis Â.atherosclerotic nephrosclerosis Ã.renal amyloidosis Ä.pyelonephritis 725.nesis, glomerulonephritis is: +À.infectious and allergic disease Á.viral disease Â.ickettsial disease Ã.fungal disease Ä.parasitic disease 726.According to the topography of the process, glomerulonephritis is: +À.intracapillary +Á.extracapillary Â.focal Ã.iffuse Ä.interstitial 727.What are the stages of acute renal failure: +À.shock +Á.oligoanuric +Â.restoration of diuresis Ã.latent Ä.azotemic 728.What are the extrarenal symptoms of glomerulonephritis: +À.swelling +Á.left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy Â.myocardial hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart Ã.hematuria Ä.oliguria 729.Depending on the involvement of the structural components of the kidney, glomerulonephritis can be: +À.with a tubular component +Á.with tubulo-interstitial component +Â.ith tubulo-interstitial-vascular component Ã.with a glomerular component Ä.with the pelvis component 730.What are the diseases leading to secondary wrinkling of the kidneys: +À.pyelonephritis +Á.glomerulonephritis +Â.amyloid nephrosis Ã.essential hypertension Ä.atherosclerosis 731.Extracapillary glomerulonephritis is: +À.serous +Á.hemorrhagic Â.mesangial Ã.parietal Ä.purulent 732.For chronic glomerulonephritis is characteristic: +À.reduction in kidney size Á.an increase in kidney size Â.primary shriveled kidneys Ã.lipoid nephrosis Ä.focal segmental glomerular sclerosis 733.Primarily shriveled kidneys occur when: +À.arterial hypertension +Á.atherosclerosis Â.acute glomerulonephritis Ã.chronic glomerulonephritis Ä.renal amyloidosis 734.Tubulopathies include: +À.myeloma kidney +Á.necrotic nephrosis Â.glomerulonephritis Ã.tubulo-interstitial nephritis Ä.pyelonephritis 735.What are the phases of acute glomerulonephritis: +À.exudative +Á.exudative-proliferative +Â.proliferative Ã.oligoanuric Ä.restoration of diuresis 736.Glandular endometrial hyperplasia is observed: +À.in women of mature age +Á.in elderly women +Â.with ovarian dysfunction +Ã.for menstrual irregularities Ä.in young women 737.Diseases that occur after pregnancy include: +À.placental polyp +Á.birth infection of the uterus +Â.chorionepithelium Ã.ectopic pregnancy Ä.spontaneous miscarriage 738.The cause of an ectopic pregnancy may be: +À.inflammatory diseases of the fallopian tubes +Á.cicatricial excesses of the fallopian tube +Â.abnormalities of the development of the fallopian tubes +Ã.tumors of the fallopian tubes Ä.uterine tube agenesis 739.Obligatory precancer is: +À.atypical glandular endometrial hyperplasia +Á.focal endometrial adenomatosis +Â.endometrial adenomatous polyps Ã.uterine adenocarcinoma Ä.atrophic endometritis 740.With eclampsia in the liver, the following are detected: +À.hepatocyte dystrophy +Á.hepatocyte necrosis +Â.hemorrhages Ã.leukemic cell infiltration Ä.cell atypism 741.For chronic endometritis are characteristic: +À.lymphoid cell infiltration +Á.plasmacytic infiltration +Â.sclerosis Ã.exclusively neutrophilic cell infiltration Ä.leukemic infiltration 742.The following types of tubal pregnancy are distinguished: +À.ampullar +Á.isthmic +Â.interstitial Ã.intramural Ä.extratubular 743.Postpartum infection may occur: +À.endometritis +Á.endomyometritis +Â.sepsis Ã.gestosis Ä.chorionepithelioma 744.If it enters the abdominal cavity, the fetus may be exposed to: +À.autolysis +Á.petrification +Â.organizations +Ã.abdominal pregnancy may occur Ä.malignancy 745.The main danger of cystic drift is: +À.in the possible development of the destruction process in the uterus +Á.in the possible development of chorionepithelioma Â.in violation of the development of pregnancy Ã.in the death of the fetus Ä.in the rapid increase in the size of the uterus 746.Diseases of the female genital organs are classified into the following groups: +À.inflammatory +Á.dishormonal +Â.tumor Ã.immunopathological Ä.compensatory 747.What are the types of cervical pseudo-erosion: +À.simple +Á.glandular +Â.papillary +Ã.glandular papillary Ä.fibrocystic 748.Cerebral pituitary diseases include: +À.Itsenko-Cushing's disease +Á.Simmonds disease +Â.Babinsky-Frohlich disease Ã.Hashimoto's disease Ä.Bazedova's disease 749.Addison disease is characterized by: +À.bronze skin color +Á.hypoglycemia Â.adrenal hyperfunction Ã.obesity Ä.hypertension 750.For Riedel's goiter are characteristic: +À.gland fibrosis +Á.atrophy of the parenchyma of the gland +Â.gland hypofunction Ã.soft gland consistency Ä.gland hyperfunction 751.Endocrine organs include: +À.thyroid gland +Á.pituitary gland +Â.adrenal gland Ã.spleen Ä.submandibular salivary gland 752.Diabetesmellitus has its own characteristics for old people, highlight them: +À.is benign +Á.leads to obesity Â.is malignant Ã.leads to exhaustion Ä.prone to ketoacidosis 753.What are the signs of Hashimoto Struma: +À.lymphoid stromal infiltration +Á.atrophy of the parenchyma +Â.glandular sclerosis Ã.follicular polymorphism Ä.resorption of colloid 754.The development of Basedova's disease is promoted by: +À.mental trauma +Á.hereditary predisposition +Â.infectious diseases Ã.lack of iodine in the biosphere Ä.carbohydrate-rich food abuse 755.Diseases with a predominant thyroid lesion include: +À.Hashimoto Struma +Á.Bazedova's disease Â.Itsenko-Cushing's disease Ã.more Simmonds Ä.Addison's disease 756.Parathyroid osteodystrophy may be due to: +À.parathyroid adenoma +Á.parathyroid hyperplasia Â.adrenal tuberculosis Ã.kidney disease Ä.damage to the colon 757.Typical causes of death for patients with diabetes are: +À.uremia +Á.gangrene of the limb +Â.myocardial infarction +Ã.sepsis Ä.allergic shock 758.In patients with Bazedovoy disease, the presence of: +À.liver cirrhosis +Á.left ventricular hypertrophy +Â.exophthalmos Ã.obesity Ä.melasma 759.The following types of colloidal goiter are distinguished: +À.proliferating +Á.macrofollicular +Â.microfollicular Ã.tubular Ä.trabecular 760.The outcome of diabetic microangiopathy is often: +À.polyneuritis +Á.uremia +Â.retinopathy Ã.transmural myocardial infarction Ä.sepsis 761.Complications of the flu that occur in the nervous system include: +À.peripheral neuritis +Á.encephalitis +Â.arachnoiditis Ã.neurofibromatosis Ä.epidural hematoma 762.PC infection is characterized by: +À.high contagiousness +Á.primary damage to the respiratory system Â.low contagiousness Ã.predominant lesion of the gastrointestinal tract Ä.the pathogen belongs to DNA-containing viruses 763.Complications of parainfluenza include: +À.sinusitis +Á.otitis media +Â.eustacheitis Ã.hepatitis Ä.pancreatitis 764.The causative agent, which infections belong to DNA-containing viruses? +À.adenovirus infection Á.flu Â.parainfluenza Ã.MS infection Ä.croupous pneumonia 765.Due to the cytopathic effect of influenza virus in the epithelium of the bronchi and trachea, the following occur: +À.dystrophy +Á.necrosis +Â.desquamation Ã.proliferation Ä.the formation of papillae 766.Parainfluenza is characterized by: +À.pillow-like growths of the epithelium of the bronchi +Á.the presence in the alveoli of multinucleated cells Â.specific inflammation Ã.extensive hemorrhage in the lungs Ä.the virus is more aggressive than the flu virus 767.With the generalization of RS infection in the organs, the following are often detected: +À.papillary growths of the epithelium +Á.inflammatory changes +Â.focal proliferation of ependyma Ã.purulent enterocolitis Ä.fibrinous pericarditis 768.For influenza encephalitis is characterized by: +À.nerve cell dystrophy +Á.lymphocytic infiltrates +Â.small focal hemorrhages Ã.dysplasia of nerve cells Ä.leukocyte infiltrates 769.Pulmonary complications of influenza include: +À.bronchiolitis +Á.pneumofibrosis +Â.bacterial pneumonia Ã.anthracosis Ä.lung cancer 770.Describe adenovirus infection: +À.the causative agent refers to DNA-containing viruses +Á.conjunctivitis often occurs +Â.the appearance of adenoviral cells is characteristic Ã.the causative agent refers to RNA-containing viruses Ä.intoxication, as a rule, is more pronounced than with influenza 771.The source of influenza infection may be: +À.a sick person Á.rodents Â.cattle Ã.insects Ä.birds 772.Flu death usually occurs from: +À.cardiopulmonary failure +Á.pneumonia Â.gastrointestinal bleeding Ã.myocardial infarction Ä.intestinal gangrene 773.PC infection is characterized by: +À.the pathogen refers to RNA-containing viruses +Á.generalization of infection is possible Â.the pathogen is a DNA-containing virus Ã.is found only in humans Ä.the contagiousness of the virus is negligible 774.The complications of adenovirus infection include: +À.tonsillitis +Á.otitis media +Â.pneumonia Ã.osteomyelitis Ä.iridocyclitis 775.The incubation period for influenza is usually: +À.2-4 days Á.1-2 days Â.5-7 days Ã.6-8 days Ä.10-15 days 776.The characteristic pulmonary complications of influenza include: +À.carnification of exudate +Á.bronchiectasis Â.pneumothorax Ã.profuse pulmonary hemorrhage Ä.silicosis 777.PC infection is characterized by: +À.proliferation of the epithelium of the bronchi +Á.the formation of cell symplasts +Â.the development of foci of acute emphysema +Ã.accession of a secondary infection Ä.necrotic tracheitis 778.The death of patients with uncomplicated parainfluenza can occur from: +À.viral pneumonia +Á.asphyxia Â.lung collapse Ã.eustacheitis Ä.rhinitis 779.Due to the cytopathic effect of the influenza virus, in the epithelium of the bronchi and trachea occur: +À.alternative changes +Á.desquamation Â.proliferation Ã.the formation of papillae Ä.metaplasia 780.Pagrippa is characterized by: +À.pillow-like growths of the epithelium of the bronchi Á.lung anthracosis Â.cellular atypism of the epithelium of the trachea and bronchi Ã.dysplasia of the alveolar epithelium Ä.the virus is more aggressive than the flu virus 781.ARVI, which have the greatest practical significance, include: +À.parainfluenza +Á.adenovirus infection Â.rickettsioses Ã.yersiniosis Ä.whooping cough 782.The source of the disease with influenza can be: +À.a sick person +Á.virus carrier Â.rodents Ã.cattle Ä.birds 783.Death with influenza in most cases occurs from: +À.secondary infection +Á.pneumonia Â.profuse pulmonary hemorrhage Ã.lung cancer Ä.lung gangrene 784.The complications of adenovirus infection include: +À.renal amyloidosis +Á.otitis media +Â.pneumonia Ã.tracheal cancer Ä.silicoanthracosis of the lungs 785.The characteristic pulmonary complications of influenza include: +À.carnification of exudate +Á.bronchiectasis +Â.pneumosclerosis Ã.hemothorax Ä.profuse pulmonary hemorrhage 786.SARS that have the greatest practical significance include: +À.flu +Á.MS infection Â.rabies Ã.croupous pneumonia Ä.cholera 787.Complications of the flu that occur in the nervous system include: +À.encephalitis +Á.arachnoiditis Â.cerebral infarction Ã.neurofibromatosis Ä.epidural hematoma 788.What is the causative agent of DNA viruses? +À.adenovirus infection Á.flu Â.croupous pneumonia Ã.tuberculosis Ä.measles 789.Pathological changes in the body with HIV infection are due to: +À.adherent tumors +Á.exposure to human immunodeficiency virus +Â.opportunistic infections +Ã.complications of therapy Ä.the presence in the body of antiviral antibodies 790.Options for the course of AIDS include: +À.pulmonary +Á.neurological +Â.gastrointestinal Ã.skin Ä.mucous 791.Indicate the ways of HIV infection: +À.sexual +Á.transplacental +Â.parenteral Ã.airborne Ä.alimentary 792.The stages of HIV infection include: +À.virus carrier +Á.pre-AIDS +Â.AIDS Ã.lymphohistiocytic Ä.with suppression of lymphoid tissue 793.The third stage of HIV infection is called: +À.presID Á.AIDS Â.asymptomatic infection Ã.persistent generalized lymphadenopathy Ä.acute infection 794.Seroconversion window for HIV infection is a period of time ... +À.from the moment of infection to the appearance of anti-HIV antibodies Á.from the moment of infection to death Â.from the moment anti-HIV antibodies appear until opportunistic infections appear Ã.from the moment anti-HIV antibodies appear until the appearance of HIV-associated tumors Ä.from the onset of lymphadenopathy to the death of the patient 795.“Constitutional conditions” in HIV infection include: +À.chronic fatigue syndrome +Á.fever of unknown origin +Â.weight loss Ã.opportunistic infections Ä.persistent generalized lymphadenopathy 796.Options for the course of AIDS include: +À.pulmonary +Á.gastrointestinal +Â.neurological Ã.urogenital Ä.skin 797.HIV encephalitis is characterized by: +À.dystrophic changes in neurons +Á.vasculitis +Â.vacuolar encephalopathy Ã.purulent inflammation Ä.extensive cerebral infarction 798.How many stages are there in HIV infection? +À.four Á.two Â.three Ã.five Ä.six 799.HIV infection occurs: +À.parenteral route +Á.sexually Â.by airborne droplets Ã.translumbally Ä.ascending urinogenous way 800.The AIDS-associated symptom complex includes: +À.opportunistic infections +Á.constitutional conditions Â.seroconversion window Ã.asymptomatic infection Ä.congenital immunodeficiency 801.Genitourinary tuberculosis can be a manifestation of: +À.progression of primary tuberculosis +Á.hematogenous tuberculosis +Â.hematogenous generalization of the primary tuberculosis complex Ã.smooth-flowing primary tuberculosis Ä.infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis 802.Liver tuberculosis can develop: +À.with the progression of the primary tuberculosis complex +Á.with primary tuberculosis intoxication +Â.as a manifestation of hematogenous tuberculosis with extrapulmonary localization Ã.with a smooth course of the primary tuberculosis complex Ä.with a smooth course of the primary tuberculosis complex 803.Which of the following forms of tuberculosis respond well to modern therapy? +À.acute focal pulmonary tuberculosis +Á.primary tuberculosis +Â.tuberculoma Ã.chronic fibro-cavernous tuberculosis Ä.chronic fibro-cavernous tuberculosis 804.List extrapulmonary complications of fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis: +À.exhaustion +Á.dysproteinemia, hypoproteinemia Â.systemic hyalinosis Ã.hemomelanosis of the spleen and liver Ä.hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart 805.The foci of reinfection differ from the primary affect: +À.multiplicity +Á.naturalization by natural channels Â.loneliness Ã.generalization of the lymphatic vessels Ä.the complete absence of anti-tuberculosis immunity 806.Pulmonary complications of chronic fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis include: +À.bronchogenic metastasis +Á.pulmonary hemorrhage +Â.tuberculous empyema of the pleura Ã.primary tuberculosis intoxication Ä.hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart 807.What are the types of progression of the primary tuberculosis complex: +À.hematogenous generalization +Á.lymphogenous generalization +Â.increase in primary affect Ã.bronchogenic generalization Ä.perineural generalization 808.The types of hematogenous forms of tuberculosis include: +À.generalized hematogenous tuberculosis +Á.adrenal tuberculosis +Â.acute total miliary tuberculosis Ã.acute focal pulmonary tuberculosis Ä.acute cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis 809.The favorable course of the primary tuberculosis complex is indicated by: +À.resorption of the area of perifocal inflammation +Á.the appearance of the Gon focus Â.development in the field of primary affect of caseous pneumonia Ã.increased perifocal inflammation with its transition to a specific Ä.signs of tuberculosis militarization 810.Signs of chronic hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis are: +À.the predominance of productive tissue reactions +Á.the development of diffuse pneumosclerosis and emphysema +Â.hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart Ã.the predominance of exudative tissue reactions Ä.the tendency of foci of tuberculosis to decay 811.Primary tuberculosis complex consists of: +À.primary affect +Á.regional lymphadenitis +Â.lymphangitis Ã.distant lymphadenitis Ä.non-specific bronchopneumonia 812.Hematogenous tuberculosis includes: +À.generalized hematogenous tuberculosis +Á.chronic total miliary tuberculosis +Â.Landusi form Ã.hematogenous generalization of the primary tuberculosis complex Ä.acute focal pulmonary tuberculosis 813.Progression of the primary intestinal tuberculosis complex can lead to: +À.ulcerative enterocolitis +Á.peritonitis +Â.amyloidosis of internal organs Ã.to profuse pulmonary hemorrhage Ä.to bowel cancer 814.Cold sore abscess is a manifestation of: +À.tuberculous spondylitis Á.tuberculosis of the skin Â.tuberculosis Ã.intestinal tuberculosis Ä.adrenal tuberculosis 815.With fibro-cavernous and cirrhotic pulmonary tuberculosis in the heart occurs: +À.hypertrophy of the muscle of the right ventricle +Á.pulmonary heart +Â.myogenic heart dilatation Ã.hypertrophy of the muscle of the left ventricle Ä.myocardial infarction 816.A sharply positive reaction with tuberculin indicates: +À.the presence of a progressive tuberculosis process in the body +Á.tuberculosis infection +Â.the presence of sensitivity to tuberculosis antigen Ã.the lack of anti-tuberculosis immunity Ä.on the biological healing of existing tuberculosis 817.Hematogenous tuberculosis includes: +À.acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis +Á.chronic miliary pulmonary tuberculosis +Â.typhobacillosis +Ã.tuberculous leptomeningitis detected against the background of Gon's focus Ä.tuberculous leptomeningitis, identified against the background of a "flowering" primary tuberculosis complex 818.Gon's hearth indicates: +À.transferred primary tuberculosis Á.acute course of primary tuberculosis Â.transferred hematogenous tuberculosis Ã.a favorable course of banal bacterial pneumonia Ä.secondary tuberculosis 819.General miliary tuberculosis can be a manifestation of: +À.hematogenous tuberculosis +Á.progression of the primary tuberculosis complex Â.secondary tuberculosis Ã.the progression of staphylococcal bronchopneumonia Ä.focal pulmonary tuberculosis 820.From the morphological point of view, the primary tuberculous affect in the lung is: +À.the focus of caseous bronchopneumonia Á.a focus of neoplasm Â.lobar pneumonia Ã.interstitial pneumonia Ä.manifestation of secondary tuberculosis 821.Hematogenous tuberculosis includes: +À.miliary pulmonary tuberculosis without the presence of a primary tuberculosis complex +Á.tuberculous meningitis without the presence of a primary tuberculosis complex Â.tuberculous leptomeningitis in combination with the primary tuberculosis complex Ã.miliary tuberculosis in combination with the primary tuberculosis complex Ä.the growth and progression of primary tuberculous affect 822.The adverse course of the primary tuberculosis complex is indicated by: +À.decay in the foci of inflammation +Á.the appearance of miliary tuberculosis Â.calcification of its foci Ã.fibrosis of foci Ä.encapsulation of foci 823.Indicate the signs of chronic hematogenously disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis: +À.bilateral lung damage +Á.the symmetry of the lesions in both lungs +Â.the presence of diffuse pneumosclerosis Ã.unilateral lung damage Ä.the appearance of multiple tuberculosis caverns 824.Secondary tuberculosis includes: +À.acute cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis +Á.fibro-focal pulmonary tuberculosis +Â.infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis Ã.miliary tuberculosis of the lungs Ä.tuberculous polyserositis 825.Primary tuberculosis is now more common: +À.in adults +Á.in older age groups Â.in newborns Ã.in early childhood Ä.at school age 826.Chronic fibrocavernous tuberculosis can develop from: +À.acute cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis +Á.chronic hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis +Â.primary pulmonary consumption Ã.acute focal pulmonary tuberculosis Ä.acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis 827.Describe primary tuberculous affect: +À.localized mainly under the pleura +Á.combined with lymphangitis and lymphadenitis +Â.in its center there is caseous necrosis Ã.consists of many lesions Ä.localized in the lung parenchyma 828.The composition of the primary tuberculosis complex includes: +À.tuberculous lymphangitis +Á.primary tuberculous affect +Â.lympho-iron component Ã.lobar fibrinous pneumonia Ä.tuberculous vasculitis 829.The morphological substrate of hematogenous tuberculosis is: +À.miliary pulmonary tuberculosis Á.primary tuberculosis complex Â.tuberculous lymphadenitis Ã.tuberculous vasculitis Ä.foci of Abrikosov 830.The centers of reinfection are also called: +À.acute focal pulmonary tuberculosis +Á.foci of Abrikosov Â.foci of Assman-Redeker Ã.primary tuberculous affect Ä.foci of Gon 831.The wall of the chronic tuberculous cavity consists of: +À.necrosis zones +Á.zones of specific granulation tissue +Â.connective tissue capsule Ã.areas of unchanged lung tissue Ä.the focus of bronchopneumonia 832.Caseous pneumonia can be: +À.acinous +Á.nodose +Â.lobular +Ã.lobar Ä.interim 833.The manifestations of hematogenous tuberculosis can include: +À.acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis +Á.generalized hematogenous tuberculosis +Â.chronic miliary pulmonary tuberculosis Ã.fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis Ä.acute focal pulmonary tuberculosis 834.Hematogenous generalization of the primary tuberculosis complex can occur: +À.the development of general miliary tuberculosis +Á.the development of tuberculous meningitis +Â.the development of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis Ã.the formation of foci of Gon Ä.the formation of foci of Abrikosov 835.Types of secondary tuberculosis include: +À.infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis +Á.lobar caseous pneumonia +Â.cavernous forms of tuberculosis Ã.primary tuberculosis complex Ä.large focal pulmonary tuberculosis with "stamped" caverns 836.Signs of progression of the tuberculosis process in the cavity wall include: +À.expansion of the zone of specific granulation tissue +Á.expansion of the necrosis zone Â.thickening of the fibrous capsule Ã.thinning of the necrotic layer Ä.the collapse (subsidence) of the cavity of the cavity 837.Extrapulmonary complications of chronic fibro-cavernous tuberculosis are: +À.exhaustion +Á.cachexia +Â.anemia +Ã.amyloidosis Ä.obesity 838.Signs of hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis include: +À.foci of tuberculous inflammation rarely decompose +Á.hypertrophy of the muscle of the right ventricle of the heart +Â.the presence of "stamped" caverns in the lung Ã.the presence of foci of Gon Ä.the presence of foci of Abrikosov 839.Secondary tuberculosis forms include: +À.acute focal pulmonary tuberculosis +Á.acute cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis +Â.cirrhotic pulmonary tuberculosis Ã.acute focal tuberculosis of the kidneys Ä.croupous pneumonia 840.Indicate in what way the spread of infection in secondary tuberculosis is carried out: +À.bronchogenic Á.hematogenous Â.lymphogenous Ã.perineural Ä.implantation 841.Non-specific complications of cholera include: +À.sepsis +Á.erysipelas +Â.pneumonia Ã.post-cholera uremia Ä.cholera typhoid 842.Common changes typical of typhoid fever include: +À.rash +Á.typhoid granulomas in the lungs +Â.typhoid granulomas in the bone marrow Ã.granular dystrophy of the parenchymal organs Ä.fatty degeneration of parenchymal organs 843.Infection from the primary focus may spread: +À.lymphogenous +Á.hematogenous +Â.intracanalicular +Ã.perineural Ä.contact 844.The following forms of salmonellosis are distinguished: +À.typhoid +Á.intestinal +Â.septic Ã.allergic Ä.gastrointestinal 845.Indicate how many stages are distinguished in the development of cholera: +À.three Á.one Â.two Ã.four Ä.five 846.Typhoid fever is especially contagious: +À.from the second week of the disease Á.from the first week of the disease Â.from the third week of the disease Ã.from the fourth week of the disease Ä.from the fifth week of the disease 847.The intestinal complications of amoebiasis include: +À.perforation of an ulcer +Á.cicatricial stenosis of the intestine +Â.peritonitis Ã.penetration of chronic gastric ulcer Ä.liver abscesses 848.The first stage of typhoid fever is based on: +À.acute productive inflammation Á.acute alterative inflammation Â.acute exudative inflammation Ã.chronic proliferative inflammation Ä.chronic exudative inflammation 849.Typhoid Cholera is characterized by: +À.the disappearance of manifestations of exsicosis +Á.the presence of diphtheria colitis Â.pronounced clinical and morphological manifestations of the algid period Ã.pronounced manifestations of exsicosis Ä.the presence of serous hemorrhagic gastroenteritis 850.Typhoid fever can be a source of infection: +À.a sick person Á.clothes louse Â.tick Ã.dog Ä.pig 851.The types of coexistence of micro- and macroorganisms include: +À.symbiosis +Á.commensalism +Â.parasitism Ã.dysbiosis Ä.chemotaxis 852.The second stage of typhoid fever is characterized by: +À.necrosis of typhoid granulomas +Á.necrosis of group follicles +Â.necrosis of solitary follicles +Ã.ystrophy of the intramural nerve ganglia Ä.the formation of scars in the ileum 853.In prolonged cases of intestinal coli infection, the following are detected: +À.ulcers located along the line of attachment of the mesentery +Á.distinct atrophy of the intestinal lymphoid apparatus Â.ulcers located in the lymphoid apparatus of the intestine Ã.small foci of swelling of the mucous membrane Ä.chronic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum 854.For cholera enteritis is characteristic: +À.serous inflammation +Á.serous hemorrhagic inflammation Â.purulent inflammation Ã.croupous inflammation Ä.diphtheria inflammation 855.With dysentery, the stages are distinguished: +À.catarrhal colitis +Á.fibrinous colitis +Â.ulcerative colitis Ã.catarrhal enteritis Ä.cerebral swelling 856.In the second stage of typhoid fever, the following can be observed: +À.typhoid exanthema +Á.necrosis of solitary follicles +Â.dystrophic changes in the intramural nerve ganglia +Ã.necrosis of group follicles Ä.acute ulcers in the ileum 857.In the pathogenesis of cholera, the following are of decisive importance: +À.the reproduction of vibrios on the surface of the intestinal epithelium +Á.the effect of exotoxin +Â.blockade of the "sodium pump" of the cell Ã.the effect of endotoxin Ä.the propagation of vibrios in the epithelium of the intestine 858.Intestinal coli infection can be complicated: +À.bacterial pneumonia +Á.otitis +Â.vascular collapse +Ã.purulent meningitis +Ä.sepsis 859.In the algide period of cholera, the death of patients usually occurs due to: +À.dehydration +Á.coma +Â.uremia Ã.peritonitis Ä.intestinal bleeding 860.Indicate changes in the spleen in typhoid fever: +À.increased in size +Á.gives abundant pulp scraping Â.reduced in size Ã.provides lean scraping of pulp Ä.called "big greasy" 861.In terms of etiology, infectious diseases are classified into: +À.viral and bacterial +Á.rickettsioses and parasitic infections +Â.fungal and protozoal infections Ã.anthroponoses Ä.anthropozoonoses 862.The stage of cerebral swelling in group follicles in typhoid fever is characterized by: +À.reticular cell proliferation +Á.the formation of macrophages Â.the formation of ulcers Ã.proliferation of eosinophils Ä.necrosis of typhoid granulomas 863.In the pathogenesis of salmonellosis, the following are of primary importance: +À.endotoxin release Á.the release of exotoxin Â.the allocation of exo and endotoxin Ã.intraepithelial reproduction of the pathogen Ä.endocytobiosis 864.Pronounced manifestations of exicosis with cholera are inherent: +À.algid period Á.stages of cholera enteritis Â.stages of cholera gastroenteritis Ã.cholera typhoid Ä.the incubation period of cholera 865.Extraintestinal complications of typhoid fever include: +À.pneumonia +Á.waxy necrosis of the rectus abdominis muscles +Â.purulent perichondritis of the larynx +Ã.intramuscular abscesses +Ä.osteomyelitis 866.The classification of infectious diseases is based on the following symptoms: +À.biological +Á.transmission mechanism +Â.etiological +Ã.the nature of clinical anatomical manifestations Ä.the predominance of metabolic disorders 867. Infection with intestinal coli infection occurs: +À.by alimentary route +Á.contact-household way Â.by airborne droplets Ã.through damaged skin Ä.with blood and serum transfusions 868.Amoebiasis is characterized by: +À.chronic ulcerative colitis Á.catarrhal enteritis Â.serous hemorrhagic gastroenteritis Ã.purulent colitis Ä.acute diphtheria colitis 869.The death of patients with typhoid fever usually occurs from: +À.intestinal bleeding +Á.pneumonia +Â.sepsis +Ã.peritonitis Ä.cerebral hemorrhage 870.Endocytobiosis plays a decisive role in the pathogenesis of: +À.dysentery Á.intestinal coli infection Â.salmonellosis Ã.cholera Ä.amoebiasis 871.Biologically, infections are classified into: +À.anthroponoses +Á.anthropozoonoses +Â.biocenoses Ã.viral Ä.dysproteinoses 872.Local changes in dysentery are mainly localized in: +À.rectum and sigmoid colon Á.ileum Â.the cecum Ã.transverse colon Ä.the small intestine and stomach 873.The most characteristic sign of the third stage of typhoid fever is the formation of: +À.acute intestinal ulcers Á.chronic intestinal ulcers Â.clean intestinal ulcers Ã.typhoid granulomas Ä.chronic duodenal ulcers 874.What inflammation underlies the second stage of dysentery? +À.fibrinous Á.serous Â.purulent Ã.putrefactive Ä.hemorrhagic 875.What part of the colon is mainly affected by amoebiasis and balantidiasis? +À.blind Á .direct Â.sigmoid Ã.descending colonic Ä.transverse 876.In the first stage of typhoid fever, there is: +À.the formation of typhoid granulomas +Á.development of catarrhal enteritis +Â.reticular cell proliferation Ã.the formation of clean ulcers Ä.necrosis of group follicles 877.Death in the acute period of intestinal coli infection occurs from: +À.toxicosis +Á.exsicosis +Â.vascular collapse Ã.cachexia Ä.symptomatic hypertension with cerebral hemorrhages 878.Specific complications of cholera include: +À.cholera typhoid +Á.postcholeral uremia Â.cholera enteritis Ã.profuse diarrhea Ä.cholera gastroenteritis 879.What are the causes of peritonitis in typhoid fever? +À.rupture of the capsule of the spleen +Á.perforation of a small intestine ulcer Â.rupture of the liver capsule Ã.perforation of chronic gastric ulcer Ä.perforation of a chronic duodenal ulcer 880.Extraintestinal complications of dysentery include: +À.liver abscesses +Á.pyelonephritis +Â.arthritis Ã.the appearance in the lung foci of Gon Ä.croupous pneumonia 881.In the pathogenesis of diphtheria, the main importance is: +À.exotoxin release Á.endotoxin release Â.the allocation of exo and endotoxin Ã.intraepithelial reproduction of the pathogen Ä.serological variant of streptococcus 882.True croup is: +À.croupous inflammation of the larynx Á.diphtheria inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx Â.diphtheria inflammation of the larynx Ã.croupous inflammation of the bronchial tree Ä.croupous inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils 883.The most significant manifestation of the second period of scarlet fever is: +À.glomerulonephritis Á.lamellar peeling of the skin Â.pityriasis peeling of the skin Ã.late paralysis of the heart Ä.necrotic nephrosis 884.In the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract with measles, the following can be observed: +À.catarrhal inflammation +Á.metaplasia of the epithelium in a stratified squamous Â.diphtheria inflammation Ã.pityriasis peeling Ä.ichthyosis 885.Indicate the most likely causes of death with diphtheria of the pharynx and tonsils: +À.early and late heart failure +Á.diaphragm paralysis Â.cerebral coma Ã.false croup Ä.true croup 886.Scarlet fever is called extra buccal if the primary affect is localized in: +À.skin +Á.genital tract +Â.lungs Ã.pharynx Ä.tonsils 887.Local changes in measles occur +À.in the throat +Á.in the trachea +Â.in the bronchi +Ã.in the conjunctiva Ä.on the skin 888.At what locations of diphtheria the most toxic toxic changes are most pronounced: +À.diphtheria of the pharynx +Á.tonsils diphtheria Â.diphtheria of the larynx Ã.diphtheria of the trachea Ä.bronchial diphtheria 889.Diphtheria exotoxin mainly affects: +À.peripheral nerves +Á.adrenal glands +Â.heart Ã.lungs Ä.intestines 890.For severe septic forms of scarlet fever are characteristic: +À.purulent-necrotic tonsillitis +Á.myeloid metaplasia of lymphoretic tissue +Â.purulent-necrotic changes in the soft tissues of the neck Ã.catarrhal sore throat Ä.lymphoid hyperplasia 891.Generalized forms of meningococcal infection include: +À.meningococcal sepsis +Á.meningococcal meningitis +Â.meningococcemia Ã.meningococcal nasopharyngitis Ä.meningococcillis 892.The consequence of viremia and generalization of measles virus is the development of: +À.enanthema +Á.exanthema +Â.giant cell pneumonia Ã.false croup Ä.true croup 893.The most pronounced changes in diphtheria of the pharynx and tonsils are localized in the following nerves: +À.wandering +Á.sympathetic +Â.glossopharyngeal +Ã.aperture Ä.oculomotor 894.Scarlet fever infection occurs: +À.by airborne droplets +Á.contact-household way Â.during transfusion of blood and serum Ã.through damaged skin Ä.transmissively 895.Measles exanthema is characterized by: +À.papular skin rash +Á.parakeratosis Â.catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract Ã.metaplasia of the cylindrical epithelium in the stratified squamous Ä.false croup 896.Specify the forms of scarlet fever: +À.toxic +Á.septic +Â.toxic-septic Ã.allergic Ä.idiopathic 897.The cause of heart failure with diphtheria can be: +À.alternative myocarditis +Á.paralysis of the vagus nerve Â.purulent myocarditis Ã.postinfarction cardiosclerosis Ä.myocardial infarction 898.In the kidneys with diphtheria, the following can occur: +À.necrotic nephrosis +Á.massive necrosis of the cortical layer Â.amyloidosis Ã.glomerulonephritis Ä.pyelonephritis 899.The primary scarlet fever complex consists of the following components: +À.primary affect +Á.lymphangitis +Â.lymphadenitis Ã.primary effect Ä.exanthema and enanthema 900.These organs are mainly affected during measles: +À.upper respiratory tract +Á.conjunctiva of the eyes +Â.skin Ã.the gastrointestinal tract Ä.genitourinary organs 901.Diphtheria infection occurs: +À.by airborne droplets Á.through damaged skin Â.by alimentary means Ã.during transfusion of blood and serum Ä.transmissively 902.In severe septic form of scarlet fever can be observed: +À.pharyngeal abscess +Á.brain abscess +Â.otitis media +Ã.phlegmon neck Ä.temporal bone osteomyelitis 903.Measles virus has the following properties: +À.reduces the phagocytic activity of leukocytes +Á.reduces the titer of anti-infective antibodies Â.increases the barrier function of the epithelium Ã.increases the phagocytic activity of leukocytes Ä.increases the titer of anti-infective antibodies 904.When examining a patient in the first period of scarlet fever, you can find: +À.catarrhal sore throat +Á.necrotic tonsillitis Â.fibrinous tonsillitis Ã.putrid tonsillitis Ä.chronic tonsillitis 905.Reflection of viremia and generalization of measles virus are: +À.giant cell pneumonia +Á.measles encephalitis +Â.enanthema +Ã.exanthema Ä.false croup 906.In the kidneys with diphtheria, the following can be observed: +À.necrotic nephrosis Á.pyelonephritis Â.glomerulopathy Ã.glomerulonephritis Ä.pyonephrosis 907.In the nerve ganglia with diphtheria observed: +À.hemorrhages +Á.cell dystrophy and necrosis Â.metaplasia Ã.amyloidosis Ä.induction 908.For rash with scarlet fever, unlike measles, the following features are inherent: +À.small-dot character, bright red color +Á.covers the entire surface of the body, with the exception of the nasolabial triangle Â.large-spotted papular character Ã.initially appears behind the ears, then on the face, neck, trunk, limbs Ä.initially appears on the hips and buttocks 909.Diphtheria exotoxin mainly affects: +À.peripheral and autonomic nervous systems +Á.adrenal system +Â.cardiovascular system Ã.CNS Ä.digestive system 910.In the adrenal glands with diphtheria, the following can be observed: +À.hemorrhages +Á.cell dystrophy and necrosis Â.necrotic nephrosis Ã.late paralysis Ä.early paralysis 911.Clinical and morphological forms of scarlet fever include: +À.toxic +Á.septic Â.allergic Ã.primary and secondary Ä.local and general 912.For meningococcal meningitis, it is typical: +À.purulent inflammation Á.catarrhal inflammation Â.hemorrhagic inflammation Ã.putrefactive inflammation Ä.productive inflammation 913.In severe septic form of scarlet fever can be observed: +À.purulent-necrotic lymphadenitis +Á.neck vessel arrosion +Â.phlegmon neck +Ã.purulent meningitis Ä.catarrhal tonsillitis 914.Indicate the localization of enanthema in measles: +À.on the mucous membrane of the cheeks Á.on the entire surface of the body, with the exception of the nasolabial triangle Â.on the lips Ã.in the nose Ä.on the skin of the face 915.The descending croup is ... +À.roupous inflammation of the bronchi Á.croupous inflammation of the pharynx Â.croupous tonsillitis Ã.croupous inflammation of the larynx Ä.croupous inflammation of the pharynx 916.The causative agent of measles is: +À.Myxovirus-containing RNA virus Á.RNA-containing virus variants A, B, C Â.PC virus Ã.DNA virus Ä.RNA-containing virus related to paramyxoviruses 917.Highlight myocarditis characteristic of diphtheria: +À.interstitial +Á.alternative Â.purulent Ã.productive Ä.serous hemorrhagic 918.In severe toxic form of scarlet fever occurs: +À.lymphoid hyperplasia +Á.pronounced dystrophic changes in parenchymal organs +Â.necrotic tonsillitis Ã.leukemia Ä.chronic tonsillitis 919.Local measles changes include: +À.catarrhal pharyngo-tracheobronchitis +Á.false croup Â.enanthema Ã.exanthema Ä.Bilshovsky-Filatov-Koplik spots 920.The primary complex for scarlet fever is presented: +À.regional lymphadenitis +Á.lymphangitis +Â.affect Ã.generalized lymphadenopathy Ä.reinfect 921.Depending on the localization of the septic focus, the following types of sepsis are distinguished: +À.tonsillogenic +Á.uterine +Â.otogenic Ã.septicemia Ä.chroniosepsis 922.The so-called peripheral signs of septic endocarditis include: +À.Lukin-Libman spots +Á.Osler nodules +Â.spots of Jainway Ã.Wakez-Osler syndrome Ä.Dubois abscesses 923.For septicopyemia, in contrast to septicemia, the most characteristic are: +À.leukocyte infiltration of the spleen pulp +Á.metastatic abscesses Â.serous myocarditis Ã.atrophy of the spleen and lymph nodes Ä.increased hematopoiesis in the bone marrow 924.The manifestation of septicopyemia in umbilical sepsis can be: +À.purulent meningitis +Á.abscesses in the liver and kidneys +Â.abscesses in the lungs and myocardium Ã.left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy Ä.chroniosepsis 925.In the presence of purulent endometritis as a septic focus, the first thrombobacterial emboli should be expected in: +À.lungs Á.ovaries Â.liver Ã.kidneys Ä.myocardium of the left ventricle 926.What inflammation underlies anthrax carbuncle? +À.hemorrhagic Á.serous Â.purulent Ã.putrefactive Ä.catarrhal 927.Umbilical sepsis can be complicated: +À.disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome +Á.viral bacterial pneumonia +Â.purulent otitis media +Ã.purulent osteomyelitis Ä.acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 928.In cases where umbilical sepsis cured, in the umbilical vessels you can find: +À.deformation of the walls of arteries with calcification +Á.obliteration of veins Â.thrombophlebitis Ã.atherocalcinosis Ä.thromboarteritis 929.Specify the clinical and anatomical forms of sepsis: +À.septicemia +Á.septicopyemia Â.surgical Ã.umbilical Ä.otogenic 930.With septic (bacterial) endocarditis in the heart valves, there is: +À.polypous ulcerative endocarditis Á.acute warty endocarditis Â.recurrent-warty endocarditis Ã.fibroplastic parietal endocarditis with eosinophilia Ä.diffuse endocarditis 931.Septicopyemia is characterized by: +À.the presence of thrombobacterial embolism +Á.the presence of purulent metastases +Â.the presence of regional lymphangitis and lymphadenitis Ã.the absence of thrombobacterial embolism Ä.the presence of pronounced signs of hyperergy 932.The manifestations of DIC syndrome with umbilical sepsis include: +À.hemorrhages in the skin +Á.hemorrhages in the serous and mucous membrane s +Â.melena +Ã.cerebral hemorrhages Ä.meningitis 933.Which of these microorganisms can cause sepsis: +À.bacteria +Á.mushrooms +Â.mycobacteria Ã.animal parasites Ä.viruses 934.Septic (bacterial) endocarditis is divided into: +À.acute +Á.subacute +Â.prolonged Ã.repeated Ä.continuously recurring 935.Local changes in sepsis include: +À.septic focus +Á.lymphangitis and phlebitis near the entrance gate of infection Â.interstitial septic nephritis Ã.interstitial septic myocarditis Ä.interstitial septic hepatitis 936.In umbilical vessels with sepsis, the following can be observed: +À.purulent thromboarteritis +Á.purulent thrombophlebitis +Â.purulent arteritis Ã.nodular periarteritis Ä.omphalitis 937.Hemorrhagic syndrome with influenza due to: +À.increased vascular permeability Á.a pletor Â.anemia Ã.metaplasia of the yellow bone marrow to red Ä.vasculitis 938.Unlike other infectious diseases, sepsis has the following features: +À.polyetiologic +Á.stencil of clinical manifestations of the disease Â.monoethiological Ã.the cyclical course of the disease Ä.strict definiteness of the terms of the incubation period 939.The primary pulmonary form of anthrax is characterized by the development of: +À.hemorrhagic tracheitis +Á.hemorrhagic bronchitis +Â.serous hemorrhagic pneumonia Ã.purulent-ulcerative tracheitis Ä.serous bronchitis 940.The following clinical and anatomical forms of anthrax are distinguished: +À.skin +Á.intestinal +Â.primary pulmonary Ã.genital Ä.renal 941.In the adrenal glands with umbilical sepsis develop: +À.necrosis +Á.hemorrhages +Â.delipidization Ã.hyperplasia of the cells of the cortical or brain layer Ä.depigmentation 942.Which of the above clinical anatomical forms are characteristic for anthrax? +À.conjunctival +Á.primary septic +Â.intestinal Ã.toxic-septic Ä.toxic 943.With prolonged septic endocarditis in the microvasculature are observed: +À.fibrinoid necrosis of the walls of blood vessels +Á.aneurysms +Â.plasmorrhagia Ã.purulent fusion of the walls of blood vessels Ä.amyloidosis 944.For sepsis, unlike other infectious diseases, characterized by: +À.sepsis is not a contagious disease +Á.sepsis does not have a specific pathomorphological substrate Â.sepsis is a contagious disease Ã.after the sepsis is persistent immunity Ä.cyclical course is characteristic of sepsis 945.A septic focus in umbilical sepsis can be: +À.phlebitis of the umbilical vessels +Á.umbilical arteritis +Â.omphalitis Ã. aneurysm of the umbilical vessels Ä.orchitis 946.With the course of sepsis, they are classified into: +À.acute +Á.subacute +Â.chronic Ã.latent Ä.subchronic 947.Omphalitis with umbilical sepsis can be: +À.ulcerative necrotic +Á.purulent-necrotic Â.catarrhal Ã.abacterial Ä.productive 948.The spread of infection from the septic focus with umbilical sepsis is carried out: +À.hematogenous route +Á.by contact Â.by airborne droplets Ã.perineural way Ä.transplacental way 949.Which of these valves are most commonly affected by prolonged septic endocarditis? +À.mitral +Á.bicuspid +Â.aortic Ã.tricuspid Ä.pulmonary valve 950.For septicemia are characteristic: +À.hyperergic tissue reaction +Á.allergic vasculitis Â.abscesses in various organs Ã.metastatic abscesses Ä.thromboembolic syndrome 951.Mark clinical anatomical forms of sepsis +À.septicopyemia +Á.septic (bacterial) endocarditis +Â.septicemia Ã.cryptogenic Ä.toxic-septic 952.Sepsis is classified taking into account the following symptoms: +À.etiology +Á.the nature of the entrance gate of infection +Â.clinical and morphological features Ã.the prevalence of the process Ä.the influence of genetic factors 953.Clinical and morphological forms of umbilical sepsis include: +À.septicopyemia +Á.septicemia +Â.granulomatous sepsis Ã.chroniosepsis Ä.septic (bacterial) endocarditis 954.The classification of septic (bacterial) endocarditis is based on the following criteria: +À.the nature of the course of the disease +Á.the presence or absence of background disease Â.the influence of genetic factors Ã.the prevalence of the process Ä.the nature of metabolic disorders 955.Clinical and anatomical forms of umbilical sepsis include: +À.septicemia +Á.septicopyemia Â.protracted septic endocarditis Ã.polypous ulcerative endocarditis Ä.Chernogubov’s disease 956.Which of the following microorganisms most often cause umbilical sepsis? +À.staphylococci +Á.Pseudomonas aeruginosa +Â.E coli Ã.viruses Ä.pneumococci 957.Septicemia is characterized by: +À.the absence of purulent metastases +Á.lymphoid hyperplasia +Â.hematopoietic tissue hyperplasia Ã.the presence of a pronounced septic focus Ä.the presence of purulent metastases 958.In sepsis, the following can be observed in the brain: +À.swelling of the substance of the brain +Á.brain swelling +Â.purulent inflammation +Ã.dystrophy of nerve cells Ä.multiple aneurysms of the arteries 959.Which two microorganisms currently play a major role in the development of septicopyemia? +À.staphylococcus +Á.Pseudomonas aeruginosa Â.viruses Ã.E coli Ä.rickettsia 960.Specify the types of sepsis depending on the location of the septic focus: +À.odontogenic +Á.umbilical +Â.tonsilogenic +Ã.otogenic +Ä.uterine 961.The period of kimatogenesis is classified into: +À.blastogenesis +Á.embryogenesis +Â.early fetal period +Ã.late fetal period Ä.progenesis 962.The duration of blastogenesis is: +À.two weeks Á.three weeks Â.four weeks Ã.five weeks Ä.six weeks 963.Hematopathies are divided into: +À.spontaneous +Á.inherited Â.primary Ã.secondary Ä.idiopathic 964.The syndromes caused by abnormalities in the autosome system include: +À.Down syndrome +Á.Patau syndrome +Â.Edwards syndrome Ã.Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome Ä.Klinefelter syndrome 965.According to the degree of prevalence in the body, congenital malformations are classified into: +À.isolated +Á.system +Â.multiple Ã.primary Ä.secondary 966.Defects of the central nervous system include: +À.acrania +Á.microgyria Â.apus Ã.hydrocele Ä.pyocephaly 967.Defects of the facial skull include: +À.synotia +Á.cyclopia +Â.heiloschis Ã.syndactyly Ä.sympathy 968.Urogenital defects include: +À.monarchism +Á.anorchism +Â.hypospadias +Ã.epispadias Ä.heiloschis 969.Defects of the osteoarticular system include: +À.focomelia +Á.amelia +Â.sympus +Ã.sympathy Ä.cyclopia 970.Amelia is the absence of: +À.upper and lower extremities Á.fingers Â.toes Ã.fingers and toes Ä.hands and feet 971.The sympus is: +À.fusion of the lower extremities Á.joint of the fingers Â.toe joint Ã.fusion of the upper limbs Ä.lack of upper and lower limbs 972.After completion of which week of pregnancy does the calculation of the perinatal period begin? +À.22 weeks Á.20 weeks Â.24 weeks Ã.25 weeks Ä.28 weeks 973.The perinatal period is classified into: +À.antenatal +Á.intrapartum +Â.early neonatal Ã.late neonatal Ä.prenatal 974.Prematurity is childbirth during pregnancy: +À.less than 259 days Á.280 days Â.270-290 days Ã.260-293 days Ä.260-280 days 975.Specify the forms of hemolytic disease of the newborn: +À.edematous +Á.icteric +Â.anemic Ã.hemorrhagic Ä.ischemic 976.Birth injuries contribute to: +À.premature discharge of water +Á.leg presentation of the fetus +Â.tissue tissue +Ã.lateral position of the fetus +Ä.low water 977.The cause of asphyxia of the newborn may be: +À.neonatal pneumopathy +Á.immaturity of the surfactant system Â.placental hypoplasia Ã.the nodes of the umbilical cord Ä.placenta previa 978.Indicate the forms of cytomegalovirus infection: +À.congenital and acquired +Á.localized and generalized Â.primary and secondary Ã.granulomatous and ischemic Ä.early and late 979.Asphyxia of the fetus may be due to: +À.placental hypoplasia +Á.placenta previa Â.immaturity of the surfactant system Ã.pneumopathy Ä.violation of the act of independent breathing 980.The following forms of listeriosis are distinguished: +À.pyemic +Á.granulomatous Â.cardiopathic Ã.encephalopathic Ä.primary and secondary 981.Extracranial birth injury includes: +À.external cephalohematoma +Á.birth tumor of the 3rd degree Â.internal cephalohematoma Ã.epidural hematoma Ä.fracture of the spine 982.The icteric form of hemolytic disease of the newborn is characterized by: +À.bilirubin encephalopathy +Á.nuclear jaundice Â.a decrease in the liver and spleen in size Ã.pronounced swelling of the tissues Ä.obligatory fatal outcome of the disease 983.The Gatchinson Triad includes defeat: +À.hearing organ +Á.organ of vision +Â.teeth Ã.the brain Ä.liver 984.The forms of sepsis of the perinatal period include: +À.septicemia +Á.septicopyemia +Â.granulomatous sepsis Ã.chroniosepsis Ä.prolonged septic endocarditis 985.Indicate the complications of birth injury to the liver: +À.hemoperitoneum +Á.anemia Â.ascites Ã.hemolytic disease of the newborn Ä.varicose veins of the esophagus 986.Pneumopathies of the newborn include: +À.atelectasis +Á.hyaline lung membranes +Â.edematous hemorrhagic syndrome Ã.pneumonia Ä.pneumonitis 987.In the lungs with asphyxia are observed: +À.hyaline membranes +Á.atelectasis +Â.edematous hemorrhagic syndrome Ã.pneumosclerosis Ä.bullous emphysema 988.In the pathogenesis of intrauterine pneumonia, the following are important: +À.aspiration of amniotic fluid +Á.untimely rupture of the amniotic fluid +Â.prematurity Ã.infection of the umbilical wound Ä.pneumopathy 989.Asphyxia of the newborn may be due to: +À.underdevelopment of the respiratory center +Á.immaturity of lung tissue +Â.birth injury to the skull Ã.pathology of the placenta Ä.pathology of the umbilical cord 990.In what period can hemolytic disease develop? +À.antenatal +Á.neonatal +Â.postnatal Ã.progenesis Ä.gametogenesis 991.Birth injury to the spleen may be complicated by: +À.hemoperitoneum +Á.anemia Â.hemomelanosis Ã.cyanotic induction of the spleen Ä.ascites 992.The internal cephalohematoma is ... +À.epidural hematoma Á.leptomeningic hemorrhage Â.cerebral hemorrhage Ã.subaponeurotic hematoma Ä.subdural hematoma 993.The causes of antenatal asphyxia of the fetus may be: +À.maternal diseases +Á.pathology of the umbilical cord +Â.placental pathology Ã.immaturity of the respiratory center Ä.mismatch of the fetal head to the birth canal of the mother 994.Listeria may cause: +À.granulomatous sepsis +Á.stillbirth +Â.prematurity +Ã.septicopyemia Ä.nuclear jaundice 995.Congenital toxoplasmosis is characterized by: +À.microcephaly +Á.hydrocephalus +Â.foci of calcification in the brain +Ã.chorioretinitis Ä.granulomatous sepsis 996.The fetal period is classified into: +À.early +Á.late Â.primary Ã.secondary Ä.tertiary 997.Blastopathies include: +À.impaired egg implantation in the uterus +Á.ectopic pregnancy +Â.aplasia of the amnion +Ã.twin malformations Ä.pneumonia 998.Fetopathies are characterized by: +À.rarity of congenital malformations +Á.generalized infection +Â.hemorrhagic syndrome +Ã.lagging morphological and functional maturation of organs Ä.twin deformities 999.Due to birth defects, there may be: +À.hereditary +Á.exogenously determined +Â.of an unknown etiology +Ã.multifactorial Ä.primary and secondary 1000.The appearance in the brain of gaps or cysts lined with ependyma is called: +À.porencephaly Á.internal hydrocephalus Â.external hydrocephalus Ã.microcephaly Ä.encephalocele